磷肥与有机肥配施对土壤-花生系统磷素及花生产量的影响

Effect of combined application of phosphorus and organic fertilizer on phosphorus contents in peanut-soil system and pod yield of peanut

为探求适合河南省花生产区磷与有机肥合理的配施比例,采用田间试验研究不同磷用量(45、90和135kg/hm^2)与有机肥用量(0.75、1.50和2.25t/hm^2)配施对花生产量及磷素吸收、土壤Hedley各磷素形态含量与分配及磷酸酶活性的影响。结果表明,相同磷用量下,与2.25t/hm^2有机肥用量相比,0.75和1.50t/hm^2有机肥用量下,花生产量显著提高8.2%~11.8%,地上部干物质重显著降低17.1%~64.3%;相同有机肥用量下,增施磷肥显著增加花生地上部生物量,但对产量无显著影响。花生不同部位磷含量对磷与有机肥配施的响应表现为,中高量有机肥和磷肥处理显著高于低量有机肥和磷肥处理,而中量和高量有机肥、磷肥处理间差异因植株部位不同而异。土壤不同磷组分对磷与有机肥的响应存在差异,其中活性磷组分(H_2O-P和NaHCO_3-P_i)和中等稳定性磷组分(NaOH-P_i和NaOH-P_o)含量随磷肥与有机肥用量增加而增加,土壤稳定性磷组分(HCl-P和Residual-P)随磷肥与有机肥用量变化差异不显著。有机肥和磷肥对土壤磷酸酶的影响不同,增加有机肥能显著提高土壤磷酸酶活性,但增施磷肥抑制土壤磷酸酶活性。综合而言,磷肥与有机肥合理配施能显著提高花生产量、花生各部位磷素含量、土壤活性磷含量及土壤磷酸酶活性,过量施用有机肥和磷肥均可造成花生营养生长过旺,产量下降,不利于提高花生体内磷含量。本试验条件下在施用45kg/hm^2磷肥基础上配施0.75~1.5t/hm^2的有机饼肥有利于改善土壤-花生系统磷素营养,促进花生产量提高,可在豫南砂姜黑土花生种植区示范应用。

To optimize the phosphorus（ P） and organic fertilizer for peanut production in peanut growing regions of southern Henan province,the field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different phosphorus rates（ 45 kg/hm2,90 kg/hm2 and 135 kg/hm2） and organic fertilizer rates（ 0. 75 t/hm2,1. 50 t/hm2 and 2. 25 t/hm2） on peanut yield,phosphorus uptake by peanut,soil phosphorus fractions and soil phosphatase activity. The results showed that,under the same P rates,compared with 2. 25 t/hm2 organic fertilizer rates,the yield was significantly higher at 0. 75 t/hm2、1. 50 t/hm2 organic fertilizer rates,but lower for the shoot dry matter weight; under the same organic fertilizer rates,increasing P rates significantly increased shoot biomass,but with no significant effect on peanut yield. The responses of P content in different parts of peanut to P and organic fertilizer were as following：medium and high amounts of P and organic fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than those of low amount of P and organic fertilizer treatments,while the effect of medium and high amount of P and organic fertilizer varied with plant parts. Response of soil phosphorus fractions to P and organic fertilizer were different,including labile-P（ H_2O-P and NaHCO_3-P_i） and the moderately labile-P（ NaOH-P_iand NaOH-P_o） content increased significantly with increasing P and organic fertilizer,but having no significant difference for stable-P（ Residual-P and HCl-P）. The effect of organic and P fertilizer on soil phosphatase activity were also different,increasing organic fertilizer significantly improved soil phosphatase activity; however,increasing P fertilizer showed the opposite trend. In conclusion,reasonable integrated use of P and organic fertilizer distinctly improved peanut yield,peanut P content,labile soil P fractions content,and soil phosphatase activity; however,excessive P and organic fertilizer resulted in excessive vegetative growth,lower peanut yield,and no improvement P content in peanut. The combined application of 45 kg/hm2 P fertilizer and 0. 75 - 1. 50 t/hm2 organic cake fertilizer improved P uptake in peanut-soil system and peanut yield,which could be applied in peanut growing regions of southern Henan province.