油菜细胞质雄性不育与线粒体基因组研究进展

Advances in cytoplasmic male sterility and mitochondrial genomics in Brassica napus

细胞质雄性不育作为杂种优势利用的重要途径之一,为芸薹属植物杂交育种提供了简单、高效的制种途径。近年来,在油菜中已经发现和报道的细胞质雄性不育胞质类型已有十余种,很多不育胞质的线粒体基因组测序工作已经完成。目前,对不同细胞质雄性不育基因的研究、线粒体基因组测序和胞质类型的分类研究都有一定的进展。本文主要对油菜不同胞质类型线粒体基因组的测序及应用和细胞质雄性不育机理的研究进行了总结与展望。随着分子生物学和测序技术的发展,对不同胞质类型的分类和不育机理的研究将帮助我们更好地认识和利用细胞质雄性不育。

Cytoplasmic male sterility（ CMS）,an important way to use heterosis,had been used efficiently for hybrid seed production in Brassica. In recent years,more than 10 different types of CMS had been reported in Brassicas. Mitochondrial genomes of most CMS systems had been sequenced. At present,great progress had been made on the function of genes responsible for CMS,mitochondrial genomes and classification of different cytoplasms. This paper summarized and prospected the sequencing and application of the mitochondrial genome of CMS cytoplasm types and the mechanism of different CMS reported in rapeseed. With the development of molecular biology and sequencing technologies,researches on classification of cytoplasms and the mechanism of CMS will help to identify and apply CMS in Brassica.