基于引力模型与加权Voronoi图的农村居民点布局优化——以西安市相桥街道为例

LAYOUT OPTIMIZATION OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS BASED ON GRAVITY MODEL AND WEIGHTED VORONOI DIAGRAM——A CASE OF XIANGQIAO SUBDISTRICT

[目的]农村居民点布局优化是土地整治与村庄布局规划的核心内容,探索农村居民点优化的路径,指导开展农村居民点布局优化。[方法]以西安市相桥街道为例,在对村庄结节性的评价的基础上,运用K-均值聚类与改进引力模型等方法确定村庄组团和村庄类型,并运用加权Voronoi图划定不同类型村庄的实际影响范围。[结果]村庄规模、经济因素、公共服务设施水平与区位条件对村庄结节性水平的影响权重分别为0.3587、0.4220、0.2193,识别出相桥村、田市村、八里村、朝阳村4个中心村和以其为核心的4个村庄组团,确定出17个重点发展型、61个迁村并点型和176个规模控制型居民点。[结论]基于引力模型与加权Voronoi图两种方法的综合运用合理地制定了相桥街道居民点空间布局的优化方案。相桥案例对于同类地区居民点布局优化的研究及实践具有重要的借鉴意义。

The layout optimization of rural settlements is the core content of land reclamation and village layout planning. In order to explore the optimization ways of rural settlements and guide the optimization practice of resi-dential layout, taking Xiangqiao subdistrict of Xiran as an example, the paper evaluated village types by rural resi-dents modality indices, judged the village groups by improved gravity model and K - means clustering, recognized the actual impact zones by weighted Voronoi diagram. The results indicated that （1 ） The influence weights of vil-lage sizes, economic factors, level of public service facilities and location conditions on village nodular level were 0. 358 7, 0. 422 0 and 0. 219 3 , respectively. （2 ） All 20 villages were divided into 4 groups, and Xiangqiao, Tianshi, Bali, Chaoyang were identified as 4 central villages. （ 3 ） The number of rural settlements for key develop-ment type, relocation and combination type, scale - controlled type were 17,61 ,and 176. Finally, the paper rea-sonably formulated layout optimization strategy of rural settlements in Xiangqiao subdistrict based on gravity model and weighted Voronoi diagram. The results had important reference significance for the research and practice of set-tlements layout optimization in similar areas.