战时文学记忆:1937年南京陷落后的古体诗词

Literary Memory in Anti-Japanese War:Classical Poetry After Nanjing's Fall in 1937

抗日战争爆发后,文学迫于战时状况,急切地反映社会生活,发挥了感时伤事的纪事、抒情功能。作为一种社会记忆,抗战文学将人类的战争形态记录下来,表现了特殊境遇中人的生存状态与人性特质。其中,关于南京保卫战、尤其是南京大屠杀的文学记忆承载了历史的巨痛和民众个体的心绪,也传达了整个民族的吼声。战时的抗战诗歌多以古体诗词的面貌呈现,具有见证、伤悼、控诉或反思的内容,反映出一个民族、个体受难与抗争的历史本相或哲思。抗战时期爱国志士的旧体诗词创作表达了中华民族的抗争不屈、团结御侮情绪,作为一种历史记忆,这些诗词对于慰藉战争创伤、铭记民族耻辱也起到了重要作用。

After the outbreak of Anti-Japanese War,the literature was forced to reflect the social life due to the wartime situation and played an important role in the chronicle and lyric function.As a kind of social memory,the anti-war literature recorded the human war forms and showed the human existence and nature in special situations.Among them,the literary memory of the Nanjing Battle,especially the Nanjing Massacre,carried the pain of history and the individual mood of the public,and also conveyed the roar of the whole nation.The poetry in wartime was often presented in the form of classical poems,for witnessing,mourning,complaining or reflecting contents,which was reflecting the historical phase or philosophical thinking of a nation or individual's suffering and protest.As a kind of historical memory,the classical poems and writings of patriots in the Anti-Japanese War expressed the Chinese nationsunyielding struggle to unite and resist aggression.These poems also play an important role in comforting the traumas of the war and bearing in mind the national shame.