黄土高原苹果金纹细蛾发生、防治现状及标准化管理

The Occurrence and Control Situation and Standardized Management of Lithocolletis ringoniella in Apple Orchards in the Loess Plateau of China

通过在黄土高原3个苹果生产基地县进行调研,掌握当地金纹细蛾(Lithocolletis ringoniella Matsumura)发生程度、害虫防治措施及果业生产水平,并提出了苹果金纹细蛾的标准化管理措施。结果表明,该产区金纹细蛾发生严重,8月份的虫园率和受害株率均为100%,平均虫叶率为39.7%,百叶虫斑数为95.2个;害虫防治依赖于定期、高频次的化学防治,仅有9.1%的果农依据果园害虫发生情况采取防治措施;同时,果园老龄化严重、栽植密度大、清耕制果园大量存在。经分析,该产区金纹细蛾发生严重的原因主要是苹果树长势衰弱和天敌控制作用弱引起的果园自身生态系统对害虫的控制能力弱,以及害虫防治措施不当。提出了金纹细蛾的标准化管理策略,包括3大部分,即增强树势、提升天敌控制作用和规范防治方法,以及5项措施,即间伐、疏花疏果、生草、土壤改造和标准化防治措施。在这些措施共同作用下,可使金纹细蛾得到持续控制,这一模式可以推广到其他病虫害的管理实践中。

Investigation on the occurrence degree,control measures of Lithocolletis ringoniella and production level of fruit industry was made in three counties in the Loess Plateau region,and standardized management measures were proposed. The results showed that the occurrence degree of Lithocolletis ringoniella in this area was serious,both the rates of damaged orchard and plant were 100% in August,the average rate of damaged leaf was 39. 7%,and the number of spots per hundred leaves was 95. 2.Regular and high-frequent chemical control was given excessive emphases in the process of pest control,and the rate of fruit growers who took control measures according to the occurrence of orchard pests was only 9. 1%. In addition,there were many other problems contributing to the outbreak of this insect pest,such as serious aging of apple trees,high planting density and large number of orchards cultivated in clear tillage. The main reasons of the occurrence of this insect pest in local district were the weak effect of the orchard ecosystem in controlling pests,which was caused by the weakness of the apple tree and the weak control effect of the natural enemy towards pests,and the improper pest control measures. Then,the standardized management measures were proposed,including three parts,namely enhancing tree vigor,enhancing the control effect of natural enemies and standardizing control methods,and five measures,namely thinning,flower and fruit thinning,interplanting grass,soil improvement,standardized prevention and control measures. Under the combined action of these measures,the continuous control of Lithocolletis ringoniella could be achieved,and this model can be extended to other pest management practices.