不同类型土壤调理剂对保山烟区酸化土壤改良效果研究

Effects of Different Soil Conditioners on Acidifying Soil Improvement in Baoshan Tobacco-growing Area

【目的】本文研究了保山烟区土壤酸化的问题。【方法】采用大田试验,选取6种土壤调理剂并以此作为改土措施,研究不同土壤调理剂对酸化植烟土壤化学性质及烤烟品质产量的影响。【结果】除钙镁磷肥外,其它土壤调理剂均能有效提高植烟土壤p H,施用石灰效果最佳,但单施石灰,易产生钙镁钾拮抗及土壤肥力下降的问题;矿物钾肥、新型增钾型生物有机肥能显著增加土壤速效钾、缓效钾、烟叶钾含量,实现增钾提质;0~15 cm耕层土壤矿物钾肥(水热法)速效钾、缓效钾含量分别极显著高于石灰处理62.13%、33.97%,15~30 cm耕层土壤矿物钾肥(煅烧法)速效钾、缓效钾含量分别极显著高于石灰82.59%、24.01%;土壤调理剂主要影响中下部烟叶的化学成分及中上部烟叶的评吸质量;新型增钾型生物有机肥碱解氮含量显著高于对照13.04%,烤烟产量比对照高286.26 kg/hm^2;新型增钾型生物有机肥和矿物钾肥(水热法)2种土壤改良剂对烟叶化学成分的协调性和烟叶的评吸质量效果最好。【结论】综合改良土壤p H、土壤养分效果和提高烤烟品质、产量几方面,以矿物钾肥(水热法)、新型增钾型生物有机肥效果最佳。

【Objective】In this paper,the problem of acidifying soil in Baoshan tobacco-growing area was studied.【Method】Six kinds of soil conditioner were selected as soil remediation measures to study the effects of different soil conditioner on the chemical properties of acid soil and the quality and yield of flue-cured tobacco.【Result】In addition to calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer,the other soil conditioners could improve the soil p H,of which lime was the best,however,application lime was alone,it was easy to produce calcium magnesium potassium antagonism,and soil fertility declined. Potassium fertilizer and new pattern potassium fertilizer could increase the content of soil available K,slow K and tobacco potassium to achieve increased potassium content and improve quality. The contents of available potassium and slowly available K in the 0-15 cm soil mineral potassium（ hydrothermal） with 62. 13 %,33. 97 % were significantly higher than those in lime treatment,and mineral potash（ calcination） with 82. 59 %,24. 01 % were significantly higher than those in lime treatment. Soil conditioner mainly affected the chemical composition of tobacco leaves and the smoking quality of the middle and upper leaves. The content of alkali-hydrolysable N in soil and the yield of flue-cured tobacco under the new-type potassium organic fertilizer treatment were higher than that of CK 13. 04 %,316. 85 kg/hm2,respectively. The effects of two kinds of soil amendment on the chemical composition of tobacco leaf and the smoking quality of tobacco leaf were the best with the new type potassium bio-organic fertilizer and mineral potassium fertilizer（ hydrothermal method）. 【Conclusion】The effects of soil p H,nutrient and the quality,yield of flue-cured tobacco by mineral potassium fertilizer（hydrothermal method） and new type potassium bio-organic fertilizer were improved.