叶面追肥对机采茶园茶叶生长、机采效果及品质的影响

Effect of Foliar Fertilization on Growth and Quality of Tea Leaves and Machine-Plucking

【目的】研究叶面追肥对机采茶园夏秋季茶叶生长、机采效果和品质影响情况,为茶园夏秋季机采提供配套技术方法。【方法】对台茶12号茶园夏茶和秋茶进行机采前追肥处理,通过喷施3种新型叶面有机肥,调查分析各处理茶树新梢生长状态、机采产量、机采效果及品质变化情况。【结果】在春茶季后采取叶面追肥,可以使茶树新梢密度提高44.3%~76.4%,优化芽叶机械组成以利于机采操作,机采产量提高75.7%~54.0%,其中以高氮有机肥增产效果最好,高钾有机肥对改善茶青生化成分含量组成和制绿茶品质效果较好。秋茶采取叶面追肥,可以使机采产量提高14.4%~26.0%,但对茶青机采指标影响不明显。【结论】在有条件的茶园,可以在春茶手采结束后进行夏茶机采前叶面追肥,从而提升夏茶机采产量和效果,同时提升茶叶品质。

【Objective】To provide correspondent methods for machine-plucking in summer and autumn,the impacts of the foliar fertilization on the growth,quality and machine-plucking of machine-plucked summer and autumn tea plantation were examined. 【Method】Before summer and autumn picking,three new kinds of foliar fertilizer were applied to Taiwan Tea 12 Plantation. The growth of tea shoots,production,quality of machine-plucking and the changes in quality of tea leaves under different treatments were studied.【Result】Applying foliar fertilizer after spring tea season could increase the density of tea shoots by 44. 3 %-76. 4 %,and optimize composition of bud and leaf,which was conducive to machine-plucking,enhanced machine-plucking yield by 75. 7 %-54. 0 %,the effect of increasing the yield of high nitrogen organic fertilizer was the best,high potassium fertilizer could improve the content of biochemical components of tea composition and prepared better green tea quality. Using foliar fertilizer on autumn tea could improve the machine-plucking yield. However,there was no significant impact on the relevant indicators of the machine-plucked of tea.【Conclusion】A conditional tea plantation can apply foliar fertilizer after hand-picking spring tea to enhance the effect and yield of machine-plucked summer tea as well as to improve the quality of tea.