不同作物根际土壤生物学性状及细菌多样性特征比较

Analysis of Soil Biological Properties and Bacterial Diversity in Rhizospheres of Different Crops

【目的】比较并探究根际土壤生物学性状及细菌多样性能否作为筛选具有促生效果作物组合的生物学指标,为筛选促生的间套种作物组合及对土壤连作障碍的生态防控提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】选取葫芦科、豆科及旋花科作物根际土壤作为研究对象,比较不同作物根际土壤生物学性状及细菌群落结构的差异。【结果】同为葫芦科的根际土壤中涉及土壤碳、氮和磷循环相关的酶活性之间无显著差异水平,缺乏互补性;而葫芦科作物与豆科的豇豆和旋花科的红薯根际土壤相应的酶活性之间均呈现显著的差异水平,表现出良好的互补效果;细菌多样性分析结果表明葫芦科作物根际土壤中富集的优势细菌种属趋向一致,而豇豆和红薯根际土壤中均拥有各自特异的优势细菌种属,同样表现出具有与葫芦科作物互补及提高葫芦科作物根际土壤细菌多样性的潜力。【结论】作物根际土壤中涉及碳、氮和磷循环的相关酶活性和细菌多样性指数,以及作物根际土壤中富集的优势细菌种属均适宜作为鉴定不同作物根际微环境之间是否具有互补效果的生物学指标;豇豆和红薯根际土壤生物学特性表明豇豆和红薯均具有改良葫芦科作物黄瓜、瓠瓜和南瓜根际土壤微环境的潜力。

【Objective】In order to select the growth-promoting crops for bio-controlling the soil-borne diseases,soil biological properties and bacterial diversity in rhizospheres among different crops were analyzed and explored whether they could be used as the biological indicators for the selection of the growth-promoting crops.【Method】The present study assessed the Cucurbits,Leguminosae and Convolvulaceae crops as the research subjects,and compared the soil biological characteristics and bacterial community structure in rhizospheres of different crops.【Result】The soil enzyme activities in rhizosphere of Cucurbit involved in soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus cycling had no significant difference between each other,without any complementarity. However,soil enzyme activities in rhizosphere between cucurbit crops and sweet potato or legume cowpea showed a significant difference between each other,which indicated that a good complementary effect could be found out in soils between cucurbit crops and sweet potato or legume cowpea. In addition,the results of bacterial diversity showed that the dominant bacterial species in rhizosphere of cucurbit crops tended to be similar. By contrast,specific bacterial species could be found out in rhizospheres of cowpea and sweet potato,respectively. It also indicated that a good complementary effect for bacterial diversity in rhizosphere of cucurbit crops could be implemented by using cowpea or sweet potato for inter-cropping. 【Conclusion】Soil enzyme activities,related to carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus cycling,and the indexes of bacterial diversity in rhizosphere,could be used as bio-indicators to identify the complementarity effect in rhizosphere among different crops.Meanwhile,it also showed that cowpea and sweet potato,both had the potential in promoting the rhizosphere microenvironment of cucumber,bottle gourd and pumpkin which was according to their biological properties and bacterial diversity.