禁止垄断法与请求停止制度

Anti-monopoly Law and Request Stopping System

日本禁止垄断法经2000年修改,新加入了针对不公平交易方法的个人请求停止制度。设立该制度是为了更好地保护请求者的私益以及加强对禁止垄断法所禁止行为的制裁。依据禁止垄断法第24条提出停止的请求者须对不公平交易方法、利益的侵害及两者之间的因果关系负主张、举证责任。不公平交易方法包括16种适用于所有经营领域的一般指定和适用于特定经营领域的6种特殊指定。无论是经营者采取不公平交易方法实施的行为,还是经营者团体迫使经营者采取不公平交易方法实施的行为,都属于请求停止制度的对象行为。在权益侵害方面,该制度要求侵害达到严重损害的程度。这是对不特定的多个受损者提出请求停止的限制标准。至于停止命令的内容,则不仅应当包含实施停止的内容,还应含有为预防侵害而为必要行为的内容。

Request stopping system is a new system added in 2000, which is mainly for unfair trading methods by Japanese Anti-monopoly Law.The purpose of this system is protecting private intresting of the applicant better and strengthening the punishment to behaviors which are forbade by Law.According to section 24 of Anti-monopoly Law,applicant should have to claim and prove unfair trading methods,interests being damaged and causality.Unfair trading methods include 16 kinds of general designation which apply to all operating areas,and 6 kinds of special designation.Not only operators' behaviors which take unfair trade methods,but also operator groups are both in the scope of target behaviors. At the aspects of the rights and interests,the system demands the damage must be severe.This is a standard limit which for unspecific number of impaired persons who request to stop.As to the contents of Ceasing Orders,it should include stop action and other necessary actions which prevent invasion happen again.