446名产妇喂养焦虑与喂养相关行为的关联研究

Study on correlation between feeding anxiety and feeding behaviors of 446 postpartum women

目的探讨产妇喂养焦虑与喂养相关行为的关系。方法采用方便抽样的方法,选择北京、长沙、济南等城市妇幼保健院调查的446名产后3个月内的妇女作为研究对象。自拟调查问卷,获得产妇人口学特征、喂养焦虑、喂养方式、喂养相关行为的资料。结果446名产妇喂养焦虑阳性检出率为44.2%,其中轻度焦虑38.8%,中度焦虑4.9%,重度焦虑0.5%,Logistic回归分析显示产妇年龄越大,喂养焦虑发生可能性越小(OR=0.6,95%CI:0.4～0.9),初产妇较经产妇更易罹患喂养焦虑(OR=1.7,95%CI:1.1～2.7)。Logistic回归校正人口学特征后发现,人工喂养的产妇发生喂养焦虑的可能性较纯母乳喂养者高(OR=1.6,95%CI:1.0～2.3),且喂养焦虑和"有固定的喂养时间"(OR=0.8,95%CI:0.7～0.9),"孩子把喂进嘴的食物吐出来"(OR=1.5,95%CI:1.2～1.8),"孩子坚决不张嘴"(OR=1.3,95%CI:1.0～1.7)三项喂养相关行为存在关联。结论产妇喂养焦虑与有无固定喂养时间以及孩子的摄食不配合有关,且采用人工喂养的产妇较纯母乳喂养者更易发生喂养焦虑。

Objective To explore the relationship between maternal feeding anxiety and feeding behaviors.Methods A method of convenient sampling was performed to select 446 postpartum women within 3 months from Beijing,Changsha,Jinan and other places.Design the questionnaire,obtain the information related to demographics of postpartum women,feeding anxiety,feeding patterns,and feeding behaviors,make the associated analysis.Results The positive detection rate of feeding anxiety of 446 postpartum women was 44.2％,including the rate of mild anxiety 38.8％,the rate of moderate anxiety 4.9％,and the rate of severe anxiety was 0.4％.Logistic regression analysis shown that the greater thematernal age,the smaller the possibility of having feeding anxiety（OR =0.6,95％ CI：0.4 ～ 0.9）,primiparas were more likely to suffer from feeding anxiety than multiparas（OR =1.7,95％ CI：1.1 ～ 2.7）.We found that postpartum women by bottle feeding were more likely to have feeding anxiety than whom by breast feeding （OR =1.6,95％ CI：1.0 ～ 2.3）,and feeding anxiety was related to three of feeding behaviors,including ＂have a fixed feeding time＂（OR =0.8,95％ CI：0.7 ～0.9）,＂child spits out the food which has fed into the mouth＂ （OR =1.5,95％ CI：1.2 ～ 1.8）,＂child doesn＇t open mouth resolutely＂ （OR =1.3,95％ CI：1.0～ 1.7） by Logistic regression analysis which adjusted demographic characteristics.Conclusion Maternal feeding anxiety is related to whether there is a fixed feeding time and the child doesn＇t cooperate.Postpartum woman by bottle feeding is more likely to have feeding anxiety than whom by breast feeding.