2011—2015年兰大一院先天性心脏病住院患者流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological analysis of Hospitalized patients with congenital heart disease in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from 2011 to 2015

目的 分析先天性心脏病住院患者流行病学特征,为先天性心脏病的防制提供科学依据。方法数据来源于2011—2015年兰大一院心外科先天性心脏病患者病案记录2344例,采用描述研究法,分析先天性心脏病种类及不同年份的构成情况,患者确诊年龄及居住地分布情况。结果先天性心脏病的各病种中以室间隔缺损为主,占43.1%,其次是房间隔缺损和动脉导管未闭,分别占32.0%和11.7%;先天性心脏病住院患者的确诊年龄以≥18岁组构成比最高为35.6%,7岁～组最低为13.5%,不同确诊年龄组各病种构成差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);14个地市在兰大一院就诊的患者比例随着距兰州距离的增加而减少,呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论室间隔缺损和房间隔缺损是先天性心脏病的多发、常见类型;先天性心脏病的确诊年龄较大。应提高先天性心脏病早诊、早治率,以减轻患者及家庭的经济负担。

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized patients with Congenital Heart Disease （CHD）,and to provide the scientific basis for prevention and treatment of CHD.Methods A total of 2344 CHD patients who underwent surgery from 2011 to 2015 were included in this study.Data were extracted from the medical records,and characteristics of types of CHD,patients＇ age at diagnosis,and patients＇ residence were analyzed.Results The predominant category of CHD was ventricular septal defect （2344,43.1％）,followed by atrial septal defect （32.0％） and patent ductus arteriosus （11.7％）.Of these patients,35.6％ were diagnosed at 18 years or older （the largest patient group）,and 13.5％ at 7-17 years （the smallest group）;types of CHD differed significantly by age groups （x2 =431.4,P ＜ 0.05）.The proportion of patients decreased with increasing distance from patients＇ residence to Lanzhou,the location of the hospital （P ＜0.05）.Conclusion Ventricular septal defect and atrial septal defect are the major categories of CHD.The diagnosis age of CHD was much older in this study.It is necessary to improve the rate of early diagnosis and treatment,in order to reduce the family burden of CDH.