新疆学校传染病突发公共卫生事件监测分析

Analysis and surveillance of public health emergencies of infectious diseases at schools in Xinjiang

目的了解2013─2016年新疆学校(包括托幼机构)传染病突发公共卫生事件的流行特征,为有效处置学校突发公共卫生事件提供科学依据。方法搜集中国疾病预防控制信息系统突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统中2013─2016年新疆报告的学校传染病突发公共卫生事件,采用描述流行病学方法分析数据。结果 2013─2016年新疆共报告学校传染病突发公共卫生事件59起,占全疆报告突发事件总数的81.94%,发病1 633例、占发病总数的70.49%,罹患率1.73%;全疆有8个地州(区)报告传染病突发公共卫生事件,乌鲁木齐市最多(19起、32.20%),其次是昌吉回族自治州(14起、23.73%);每年的3─6月(49.54%)和10─12月(47.52%)为报告高峰期,一般事件52起(88.14%)、未分级7起(11.86%),小学(24起)和幼儿园(19起)为发生的主要场所,以呼吸道传染病为主(45起)、占报告总起数的76.27%。结论新疆学校传染病突发公共卫生事件以呼吸道传染病为主,今后应加强学校、幼儿园等重点场所呼吸道传染病的防控、宣传教育和师生的自我防范意识,控制突发公共卫生事件的暴发。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of public health emergencies of infectious diseases at schools（including kindergartens） in Xinjiang during 2013—2016 and provide scientific bases for dealing with public health emergencies effectively at schools. Methods Data of reported public health emergencies of infectious diseases at schools in Xinjiang during 2013—2016 were collected from public health emergencies management system of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and analyzed by the descriptive epidemiology. Results Totally 59 infectious disease emergencies were reported at school in Xinjiang during 2013—2016 and accounted for 81.94% of all public health emergences in Xinjiang. There were 1 633 cases reported, accounting for 70.49%, with the attack rate of 1.73%. The public health emergencies of infectious diseases were reported in 8 prefectures of Xinjiang, mainly in Urumqi（19, 32.20%）, then in Changji Hui autonomous prefecture（14, 23.73%）. March to June（49.54%） and September to December（47.52%） every year were the occurrence peaks of the emergencies. There were 52（88.14%） ordinary events and 7（11.86%） unclassified events. The events occurred mainly at primary schools（24 events） and kindergartens（19 events）, and respiratory infectious diseases（45 events） were the dominant, accounting for 76.27% of all the emergencies. Conclusions Respiratory infectious diseases are the main public health emergencies at schools in Xinjiang. The prevention, dissemination, education and self-protection of teachers and students should be reinforced to reduce the outbreak of public health emergencies at schools.