‘希姆劳特’与不同倍性玫瑰香型葡萄杂交胚挽救技术研究与倍性鉴定

Study on embryo rescue techniques of the crosses between ‘Himrod Seedless' grape and the different ploidy Muscat grape and their ploidy identification

以葡萄二倍体无核品种‘希姆劳特’为母本,分别与二倍体玫瑰香优系和四倍体‘巨玫瑰’杂交胚珠,及‘希姆劳特’自交胚珠为试材进行胚挽救试验,研究亲本基因型、取样时期、胚发育培养基、培养温度对杂交胚生长发育的影响,并通过染色体计数法对‘希姆劳特’与‘巨玫瑰’杂交幼苗进行倍性鉴定。结果表明:‘希姆劳特’×玫瑰香优系的杂交胚发育率、萌发率(18.18%、13.64%)均显著高于‘希姆劳特’ב巨玫瑰’(13.45%、4.20%)和‘希姆劳特’自交(7.03%、6.25%);‘希姆劳特’×玫瑰香优系、‘希姆劳特’ב巨玫瑰’杂交胚珠及‘希姆劳特’自交胚珠的最佳取样时间均为授粉后54 d;‘希姆劳特’×玫瑰香优系、‘希姆劳特’ב巨玫瑰’杂交胚珠在25℃下培养胚发育率更高,适于‘希姆劳特’×玫瑰香优系、‘希姆劳特’ב巨玫瑰’杂交胚发育的培养基为:Nitsch+1.5 mol/L IAA+0.5 mol/L 6-BA+0.5 mol/L GA3+60 g/L蔗糖+5 g/L琼脂+1g/L活性炭。经根尖染色体倍性鉴定,‘希姆劳特’ב巨玫瑰’获得1株三倍体幼苗,2株二倍体幼苗。

Grape ovules from cross diploid seedless cuhivar ＇Himrod Seedless＇ grape with the different ploidy Muscat grape and selling of ＇Himrod Seedless＇ were used as materials. These ovules were cultured by embryo rescue. Factors including parents selection, genotypes, sampling dates, development medium types and development temperature were studied. The main results were as follows： In ＇Himrod Seedless＇xMuscat Hamburg, percentages of embryo development and germination were 18.18% and 13.64% higher than in ＇Himrod Seedless＇x＇Jumeigui＇ （13.45%, 4.20%） and ＇Himrod Seedless＇ selfing （7.03%, 6.25%）. The optimal sampling dates all of ＇Himrod Seedless＇xMuscat Hamburg, ＇Himrod Seedless＇x＇Jumeigui＇ and ＇Himrod Seedless＇ selfing was 54 days after bloom. Percentages of embryo development in ＇Himrod Seedless＇xMuscat Hamburg and ＇Himrod Seedless＇~＇Jumeigui＇ were both higher when embryos were cultured in 25 ~C than in low temperature （4 ~C）. The medium of Nitsch＋l.5 mol/L IAA＋0.5 mol/L 6-BA＋0.5 mol/L GA3＋60 g/L sucrose＋5 g/L agar＋1 g/L activated charcoal was suitable for embryo development in ＇Himrod Seedless＇xMuscat Hamburg and ＇Himrod Seedless＇x＇Jumeigui＇. By chromosome observation of root tip, one tetraploid plant and two diploid plants were obtained in ＇Himrod Seedless＇x＇Jumeigui＇.