唐代贬诏文体初探

贬谪制诏是指伴随官员贬谪而下达的书面性公文，在吸收汉代“策”“制”等文体的基础上，唐代贬谪制诏形成了“制头”＋“制腹”＋“制尾”的统一体式，生成特定的表达内容与固定套语。贬谪制诏的语言，历经散、骈的选择，最终以骈体的形式确定下来。其原因，一方面与骈体本身易于宣读的特性相关，另一方面则是因为骈体表达模糊性的特点与贬诏本身所需的含混特性相吻合。贬谪制诏程式化的言说背后，或表达支持、或落井下石、或委曲周旋、或嘲讽戏谑。在看似死板的公文书写中，充满了复杂的人情恩怨，折射着人类内心深处的渴望与恐惧。更隐含着复杂的政治生态。

The Relegation Rescript is a written document that accompanies the relegated officer and is issued. On the basis of absorbing the style of ＂Ce（策）＂ and ＂Zhi（制）＂ in the Han Dynasty, the Tang Dy- nasty introduced the unified style of ＂Zhitou （制头）＂ ＋ ＂Zhifu （制腹）＂ ＋ ＂Zhiwei （制尾）＂, and generated specific expression content and fixed sets of language. The language of the Relegation Rescript was finally confirmed in the form of ＂Pianti（~,literally＂ Parallel style＇）＂ through the choice between the ＂Santi （散体）,literally ＇Dispersion＇ ）＂ and the ＂Pianti＂. The reason was as follows： on the one hand, the character of ＂Pianti＂ was easy to read out; on the other hand, because of the ambiguity of the parallelism, it was consistent with the ambiguity required by The Relegation Rescript itself. Behind the relegation rescript stylized speech, it was full of complex human grievances： maybe wanted to express support, maybe wanted to add insult to injury, maybe wanted to dis- tort, and maybe wanted to ridicule joking. This seemingly rigid document writing, which was full of compli- cate human feelings and resentment, not only reflected the desire and fear in the human＇s heart of heart, but also implied the complex political environment rescript.