互花米草入侵对盐沼和红树林滨海湿地底栖动物群落的影响

Effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on benthic faunal community in saltmarsh and mangrove wetland

盐沼和红树林等滨海湿地支持着丰富的生物多样性和复杂的食物网,其中底栖动物群落在滨海湿地食物网中起着不可替代的营养枢纽作用,但也极易受到外来干扰的影响而发生变化,进而影响整个滨海湿地的生物多样性及物质循环和能量流动。作为中国滨海湿地面临的严重威胁之一,互花米草入侵对底栖动物群落结构和食物网关系的影响需要引起关注。互花米草入侵滨海湿地生态系统会对其底栖动物群落结构和食物网关系造成影响,但具体的入侵后果和影响程度受到诸多因素制约。本文主要从原生植被覆盖状况、入侵时间、互花米草生长特征以及底栖动物类群等多个角度探讨了互花米草对滨海湿地底栖动物群落结构的影响,并阐述了互花米草入侵导致的底栖动物食物网关系的变化及其潜在机制,指出了当前研究的不足,并对未来滨海湿地管理中应予以关注的研究内容提出了建议。

Coastal wetlands such as saltmarsh and mangrove support high biodiversity and complex food web, in which the benthic invertebrate communities play pivotal roles in energy transfer. The composition of benthic community could be easily disturbed by the exterior environmental changes, with consequences on biodiversity, nutrient cycling, and energy flow. As one of the most serious threats to the coastal wetlands in China, the invasion of Spartina alterniflora on the benthic community and trophic relationship deserve more concerns. There is no consensus on the effects of S. alterniflora invasion on the benthic community structure and food web relationship as such effects were determined by different factors. In this review, we discussed the factors influencing the invasive effects of S. alternifloraon the benthic community structure, including original vegetation type, invasive period, the growth characteristics of S. alterniflora and the taxonomic status of benthic invertebrates. We further focused on the change of trophic relationship of benthic invertebrate under the invasion o S. alterniflora and its underlying mechanism. The deficiencies of existing research were pointed out and suggestions on the management of coastal wetlands were proposed.