海蟑螂的系统分类学研究现状、问题与展望

Status,problems and perspectives on the systematic biology of genus Ligia:A review

海蟑螂(Ligia)是陆生等足目中个体最大、最原始的类群,被认为是等足类从海洋向陆地演化的过渡类型。传统分类学将海蟑螂划分为42个种,其中绝大多数为海岸种,仅8种生活在内陆。分子系统学研究手段的引入,揭示出海蟑螂种内存在大量的遗传分化现象,认为海蟑螂自身有限的扩散能力和地理隔离效应影响了种群间的基因流动,是导致物种分化与形成的重要原因。本文针对海蟑螂的系统分类学研究现状,首次划分出了三大研究热点区域,即泛加州半岛分布群、夏威夷群岛分布群和中日韩东亚分布群。尽管当前的研究工作已取得突破性进展,但仍然存在统计样本的生物学信息缺失,基础生态学研究资料匮乏,以及欠发达地区研究水平滞后等问题。为此,增加数据资料的可比对性,加大基础研究力度,开展跨区域间合作,并建立数据共享平台显得尤为重要。

The genusLigia belongs to the most primitive terrestrial isopods with biggest body size, and is known as the intermediate form between marine and strictly terrestrial isopods. There are 42 species in the genus worldwide based on the traditional taxonomic classification. Most of those species are coastal species, with only eight species dwelling in inland. Molecular systematic analysis revealed high level of intraspecific genetic divergence, suggesting limited migrationability ofLigia. Geographical isolation affected the gene flow among different populations, consequently resulting in the species differentiation and formation. On the basis of molecular phylogeny researches, this study defined three research hotspots, including PanCalifornia Peninsula group, Hawaii Islands group and China JapanKorea East Asia group. Although some progresses have been achieved, there are still some problems, including lack of basic biological description of statistical samples, deficient fundamental ecological researches and low-level academic research in underdeveloped regions. Therefore, it is important for the scientific communities to enhance the comparability of data, encourage fundamental researches, conduct international collaboration, and construct an open database.