北极69°N和78°N空间碎片凝视探测的对比分析

Comparative Analysis of Space Debris Gaze Detection Based on Two Incoherent Scattering Radars Located at 69°N and 78°N

利用北极69°N和78°N两套非相干散射雷达的首次空间碎片联合观测数据进行空间碎片参数(距离、速度、散射截面积、等效直径等)的对比分析,得出以下结论:两部雷达探测的碎片高度均主要分布在500~1100km和1400~1600 km区间,但78°N雷达探测的碎片数量较多;空间碎片的径向速度均在-1.5~1.5 km·s^(-1)区间,其中大部分为负值,说明在此次探测试验中碎片运动方向主要以远离雷达或地球为主;ESR雷达探测的空间碎片射截面积约为10^(-5)~10^(-2)m^2,等效直径主要分布在4~10 cm,而UHF雷达探测的空间碎片散射截面积约为10^(-6)~10^(-2)m^2,等效直径主要分布在2~6 cm,说明在同一高度上69°N雷达探测能力更强;经合理设置判据参数后得出重复检测次数,78°N雷达和69°N雷达分别有32次和14次重复检测,两部雷达共有4次重复检测.这些结果为空间碎片检测和建模提供了参考.

Based on the joint observation of two incoherent scattering radars located at 69°N ancl 78°N, parameters including the height, radial velocity, Radar Cross-section, and effective diameter etc. are obtained. Statistical analysis on these data is made and conclusions are drawn as follows. The space debris detected by the two radars are distributed at the height from 500 to ll00km and from 1400 to 1600km, but the number of pieces detected by the radar located at 78°N is more than that detected by the radar at 69°N. The radial velocities are almost distributed in -1.5 -1.5 km.s-1 and more of them are negative, which shows that most of the debris move far away from the Earth in this detection. The RCS is about 10^-5-10^-2 m2 and the effective diameter is about 3-10 cm at 69°N, and the RCS is about 10^-6-10^-2 m2 and the effective diameter is about 2-6 cm at 78~N. The minimum size of space debris detected by the radar located at 78°N is bigger than the one detected by the radar at 69°N, which means that the detection power of the radar located at 69°N is stronger than the radar at 78°N at the same height. Concluding the repeat testing number after setting up reasonable criterion parameters, the two radars located at 69°N and 78°N respectively have 32 and 14 repeat numbers, and 4 repeat numbers overlapped. These results show the good perspective in the fragment catMoging and modeling of the space debris.