泸州市基层医务人员职业倦怠现况调查分析

The investigation of job burnout in primary health care workers of Luzhou City

目的了解泸州市基层医务人员职业倦怠状况。方法采用Maslach倦怠量表(MBI),通过分层整群随机抽样的方法对723名乡镇卫生院医务人员进行调查。结果职业倦怠筛查总阳性率为70.8%,其中轻度占53.7%,中度占37.5%,重度占8.8%;在职业倦怠3个维度中,低个人成就感、情感淡漠、情绪衰竭阳性率从高到低依次为46.9%、41.6%、21.3%。职业倦怠阳性率与年龄、岗位、平均月收入与工龄有关系,年龄>29岁(OR=0.505)、月收入≥6 000元(OR=0.300)、工龄≥10a(OR=0.471)是职业倦怠保护因素,而岗位为护士(OR=1.522)或医技人员(OR=1.228)是职业倦怠的危险因素。每天工作时间越短,情绪衰竭阳性率越低。工龄<10a者情感淡漠阳性率高于工龄≥10a者。低个人成就感阳性率随着年龄及平均月收入的升高而降低,未婚者高于已婚者。结论基层医务人员属于职业倦怠的高危人群,不同特征的医务人员职业倦怠的症状和严重程度不同,干预措施应根据具体对象分别实施。

Objective To investigate the present features of job burnout in Primary Health Care Workers.Methods 723 Health Care Workers from primary health centers were investigated using Maslach Burnout Inventory（MBI）by stratified cluster random sampling.Results The general positive rate of job burnout was 70.8%,amongwhich mild accounted for 53.7%,moderate 37.5%,severe 8.8%.In the three job burnout dimensions,low personal accomplishment,emotional indifference and emotional exhaustion positive rates were 46.9%,41.6%,21.3%.People with age older than 29（OR=0.505）,higher income greater than or equal to 6 000 yuan（OR=0.300）,and longer working age greater than or equal to 10 years（OR=0.471）had lower positive rate of job burnout.The posts for the nurse（OR=1.522）or technician（Or=1.228）were the dangerous factors of job burnout.People with shorter working hours were lower in the positive rate of emotional exhaustion.People who worked for less than 10 years were lower in the positive rate of emotional indifference.People who was married,older and with upper monthly incomes were lower in the positive rate of low personal accomplishment.Conclusions Primary Health Care Workers are at a high risk of job burnout,there are different symptoms and severity of job burnout with different characteristics of medical staff.Targeted measures should be taken to protect medical staff from job burnout.