安庆市2015年手足口病流行特征分析

Epidemiological analysis of hand,foot and mouth disease in Anqing prefecture in 2015

目的了解安庆市2015年手足口病发病特征。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对安庆市手足口病流行病学和病原学数据进行分析。结果 2015年,安庆市报告手足口病患者2 715例,发病率50.77/10万;报告重复感染病例37例,重复感染率1.36%;报告重症病例17例,重症发生率0.63%;重复感染病例中,第二次感染与第一次感染发病最短间隔28 d,最长268 d,中位数81 d;每月均有病例报告,以4~7月为主(53.33%)。11个县(市、区)均有病例报告,其中宜秀区发病率最高(139.03/10万),主城区和非主城区发病率的差异有统计学意义(χ~2=281.01,P<0.05);不同地貌地区(山区、丘陵和圩区)发病率的差异有统计学意义(χ~2=250.94,P<0.05)。报告病例数中,0~4岁儿童发病数占91.64%,以散居儿童为主(79.96%),男性多于女性。病原学检测肠道病毒核酸阳性率53.80%,阳性标本中,以其他肠道病毒感染为主(69.57%)。结论安庆市手足口病发病平稳,有明显的季节特征,以4岁以下儿童为主,病原体以其他肠道病毒为主,有重复感染病例发生。不同地貌和人口密度对手足口病发病有影响。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand,foot,and mouth disease（HFMD） in Anqing prefecture in 2015,and provide evidence for HFMD control and prevention. Methods The registration data of HFMD epidemiology and etiology of Anqing prefecture in 2015 were collected and analyzed with descriptive epidemiology. Result Cases of 2715 were reported in 2015,and the reported annual incidence was 50. 77/105. 37 re-infection cases were reported,and the re-infection rate was 1. 36%. 17 serious cases were reported,and the rate was 0. 63%. In the case of repeated re-infection,the shortest interval between second infection and first infection was 28 days,the longest 268 days,the median 81 days. Cases were reported every month,the disease-prone time were from April to September,which was 53.33%. Cases were reported in 11 counties（ cities or district）. Thereinto,Yixiu District had the highest incidence,which was 139. 03/105. There were statistically significant differences between the incidences of urban area and non-urban area（χ^2= 281. 01,P〈0. 05）. There were statistically significant differences among the incidences of different landforms（ Mountain,Hilly and Polder） area（ χ^2= 250. 94,P〈0. 05）. The HFMD patients were mainly infants and young children between 0 ~ 4 years old（ accounting for 91. 64% of the total cases）,thereinto,these children were mainly scattered children,which took up 79. 96%,and there were more male children than female ones. The positive rate was 53. 80% by pathogen detection. These cases were mainly infected by other kind of enterovirus,which was 69. 57%. Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Anqing was steady. There were obvious seasonality specific characteristics. The HFMD patients were mainly infants and young children below 4 years old,and the virus were mainly other kinds of enterovirus. There were repeated cases of re-infection. Different geomorphology and population density had an effect on the incidence of hand,foot and mouth disease.