监察至上还是三察鼎立——新监察权在国家权力体系中的配置分析

Supremacy of Supervision or Separation of Three Supervision : Analysis of the Allocation of New Supervision Power in the State Power System

新监察制度是在反贪腐工作法治化的背景下形成的。法治化不等同于法制化,而且法治具有多义性,确定的法治化的内涵不同,制度设计的具体内容也会有所不同。新监察体制在整个国家侦查权体系可以有两种模式:一是监察至上,二是监察、检察和警察之"三察鼎立"。笔者认为,新监察权应当采行三察鼎立模式,在保障监察权之权威、高效地行使的同时,体现以权力制约权力的基本精神。为此,应当慎重设置留置权和调查权,使现代法治精神和原则能够在新监察制度的设计中得到体现。

The new supervisory system is formed in background of the rule of law of the anti-corruption work. Rule of law is not equal to the legal system. Rule of law has many meanings. Connotation is different, and the specific content of the system design will be different. The new supervisory system can have two modes: one is the supremacy of supervision, the other is the separation of supervision, prosecution and police. The author believes that the new supervision system shall be adopted for the separation mode, in order to exercise the authority and efficiency of supervision power, at the same time embody the basic spirit of restricting power with power. Therefore it should be careful to set up the power of lien and investigation, so the spirit and principles of modern rule of law can be reflected in the design of new supervision system.