专科护士参与的个体化营养干预对慢性肾脏病患者营养状态的影响

The effects of individualized nutrition intervention by specialized nurses on the nu- tritional status of chronic renal patients

目的探讨专科护士参与的个体化营养干预对慢性肾脏病患者营养状态的影响。方法选取2015年在该院治疗的慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者，应用改良主观综合营养评估（SGAN）为营养不良的72例患者，以专科护士为主导实施个体化营养干预，比较患者干预前及干预后6个月的营养状态、人体测量学指标和生化指标，干预办法包括：营养状态评定、饮食回顾与记录、膳食管理、健康教育与随访、营养指标监测和统计学处理。结果①干预6个月患者营养状态明显改善，营养良好患者由17例（23．61％）上升至49例（68．05％）；轻一中度营养不良人数由46例（63．89％）下降至22例（30．56％）；重度营养不良人数由9例（12．50％）下降至1例（1．39％），差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。②患者人体测量学指标和生化指标明显改善，差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。结论专科护士参与的个体化营养干预有助于改善慢性肾脏病患者的营养状态。

Objective To explore the influence of individualized nutrition intervention by specialized nurses on the nutritional status of chronic renal patients. Methods Chronic kidney disease patients hospitalized in our hospital in 2015 were selected. The improved Subjective Global Assessment of Nutrition （SGAN） was applied to carry out indi- vidualized nutrition intervention for 72 malnourished patients oriented by clinical nurse specialists to compare the nutri- tion state, anthropometry index and biochemical index 6 months before and after intervention for the patients. The inter- vention methods were nutrition state evaluation, diet review and record, diet management, health education and follow- up visit, nutritional index monitoring and statistical treatment. Results ①The nutrition state of patients was improved obviously after 6-month intervention. The number of patients with good nutrition state increased from 17 （23.61%） to 49 （68.05%）. The number of mild and moderate malnourished patients reduced from 46 （63.89%） to 22 （30. 56% ）. The number of severe malnourished patients reduced from 9 （ 12. 50% ） to 1 （ 1.39% ）. And the differ- ence was statistically significant （P〈0.05） . ②The indicators of anthropometry and biochemical indexes of patients were significantly improved, and the differences were statistically significant （P〈O. 05 ） . Conclusions Individualized nutritional interventions by specialized nurses can improve the nutritional status of patients with chronic renal disease.