大亚湾石化区危化品陆源泄漏的海洋环境风险分析及防范对策研究

Marine Environmental Risk Analysis and Countermeasures Research of Hazardous Chemicals Leakage of Petrochemical Enterprises in Daya Bay

大亚湾石化工业区为广东省政府列为5个重点发展的石油化工基地之一。本研究选取石化区2种具有代表性的危险化学品原油和苯的陆源泄漏入海进行风险数值模拟分析。研究结果显示,风向与潮流动力条件叠加的最不利状况下,苯泄漏量比原油更大,但48h内扩散范围比原油扩散面积小。主要与泄漏点位置有关,泄漏点处水动力条件较强和油膜经过区潮流东西分流较大是造成原油扩散路径和范围明显增大的原因。危化品油膜扩散至养殖区的最快时间为2小时22分,到达水产资源保护区的中部核心区的最快时间为12h,到达霞涌-稔山旅游休闲娱乐区的最快时间为13h。为降低对大亚湾水产资源的影响损失,相关部门应在2h内进行应急救援,降低生态环境损害。提出以控制陆源污染、降低事故概率、减轻事故后果和对大亚湾敏感目标等的风险防范对策和建议。

Petrochemical enterprises in Daya Bay is one of the five key development of the petrochemical base by Guangdong provincial government. Two representative hazardous chemicals of crude oil and benzene leakage from land were selected to simulate the risk to ocean. The results show that the leakage range of crude oil was larger than that of benzene while Leakage quantity was opposite under the most unfavorable wind direction and the tidal current combination condition combined within 48 hours, which maybe mainly related to the leak location, the strong hydrodynamic conditions and difference of tidal current were the reasons that obviously larger diffusion path and spread range large to crude oil. The fastest time were 2 hours and 22 minutes, 12 hours, 13 hours respectively for oil film diffusion to culture area, the central core area of Aquatic Resources Protection Area of Daya Bay and Xia Chong tourism and leisure entertainment area. In order to reduce the impact of the loss of aquatic resources in Daya Bay, the relevant departments should carry out emergency rescue in 2 hours to reduce the damage to the ecological environment. Put forward countermeasures and suggestions to control and reduce the accident probability of land-based pollution, and mitigate the consequences of the accident sensitive targets risk prevention in Daya Bay.