埃及努比亚人问题的历史透视

Historical Consideration about the Nubian Issue

埃及努比亚人问题是一个历史遗留难题。长期以来,埃及政府禁止公开讨论努比亚人的权利并否定存在相关问题。穆巴拉克执政后期,努比亚人问题开始进入公众视野。努比亚人借助发生的重大社会事件和政治事变,进行了前所未有的族群动员和政治参与,将回迁权作为争取族群基本权利的中心内容,并围绕回迁权与政府进行了多次博弈。2014年埃及新宪法将努比亚人的回迁权写入相关条款,为问题的解决提供了法律依据,但由于努比亚人问题的复杂性,短期内仍无法得到彻底解决,或许仍会影响当前埃及社会的稳定和发展。

The Nubian issue, which originated in Egypt under the British colonial rule, is a historical problem that remains till now. Under Nasser and Sadat’s rules, the Nubian issue was prohibited from being discussed in public. In the late Mubarak regime, the major events of the time provided the opportunity of ethnic mobilization and political participation for the Nubians to strive for their basic human rights. Under the Morsi regime, the Nubians made claims for "the rights of resettlement in the ancestral land" again and again through forming a cohesive force and an internal ethnic linkage. In 2014, The Nubian issue was written into the new constitution, which has become a milestone in the Nubian appeal for collective rights.However, the Egyptian government is still difficult to solve the Nubian issue completely. The Nubian issue as a potential negative factor will profoundly affect the social stability and development of Egypt.