自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员落地稳定瞬间人体膝关节软骨损伤风险的研究

Injury Risk Assessment of Knee Joint Cartilage During Landing for the Athletes of Freestyle Skiing Aerials

对两周台向后翻腾直体两周和向后翻腾直体一周团身一周动作出台和落地动作进行运动学分析,对落地稳定瞬间膝关节处的运动学指标加以分析与计算。以计算结果作为边界条件,结合膝关节解剖学结构特点,设定约束条件导入ABAQUS中完成有限元分析。结果表明:运动员在完成向后翻腾直体两周动作时,落地瞬间在股骨软骨外侧髁、内侧半月板前角、外侧半月板中部中间位置和内侧胫骨软骨上表面中心位置处均存在应力集中现象,双腿胫骨平台软骨会承受近7倍体重的冲击力。建议运动员日常训练中加强膝关节稳定性练习,以减轻由于应力集中位置磨损引发的膝关节失稳所带来的影响。

In order to evaluate and reveal the injury risk assessment and the mechanism of freestyle skiing aerials on knee joints＇ cartilage,the stress distribution of the knee joints＇ cartilage during landing of the athletes is studied and obtained.The kinematics analysis is carried out on the jumps of straight back flip 720° and straight back flip 360° tucked 360° at takeoff and landing moment,and the kinematics indexes of knee joint at the moment of stabilization during landing are analyzed and calculated. The calculated results are treated as the boundary conditions,and are imported into the ABAQUS software based on knee-joint anatomical characteristics to conduct finite element analysis. The results show that at the moment of landing after finishing the jump of straight back flip 720°,the phenomenon of stress concentration occurs around cartilage at the lateral femoral condyle,the anterior horn of the medial meniscus,the mid position of lateral meniscus and the central position of tibial cartilage surface. The tibial cartilages would bear nearly seven times body weight impact force.In conclusion,it is suggested that the athletes should strengthen the knees＇ stability exercise in daily training to reduce the impact of knees＇ instability caused by abrasion at the position of stress concentration.