雨滴谱降水现象仪综合测试系统设计

Design and Study of Raindrop Spectrum Precipitation Phenomenon Instrument

针对目前国内对雨滴谱降水现象自动观测仪常用标定方法存在的问题:只能模拟一种标准的粒子直径和速度;可以测量粒子的直径但是不能准确测量粒子的速度;只能模拟直径较小的粒子;仅能模拟球状降水粒子无法模拟其他形状的降水粒子;无法涵盖各种类型降水的粒子直径和速度等等。根据气象业务需求,本文从模拟降水粒子设计依据、雨滴谱降水现象仪综合测试系统构成、降水粒子直径与下落速度模拟测量方法和测量精度等诸方面详细阐述一种新型的雨滴谱降水现象仪综合测试系统,并通过对涵盖多种类型降水的不同直径和速度的粒子进行模拟试验,检测其测量的精确性,为国内对雨滴谱降水现象自动观测仪的标定和检测提供一定的借鉴和参考。

It is a major problem in the common calibration methods of automatic observation instrument for raindrop spectrum precipitation phenomenon in China at present that only the particle diameter and speed at a standard can be simulated;the diameter of the particle can be measured,but the velocity of the particle cannot be measured exactly;only smaller diameter particles and spherical precipitation particles can be simulated,but other shapes of precipitation particles cannot be simulated;the various types of precipitation particle diameter and speed cannot be covered,and so on.According to the needs of meteorological service,this paper elaborates a new-type integrated test system of raindrop spectrum precipitation phenomenon observation instrument from the design basis of simulated precipitation particles,the components of the integrated raindrop spectrum precipitation phenomenon observation instrument test system,the measurement methods and measurement accuracy of precipitation particle diameter and falling speed and so on.Through simulating particles with different diameters and velocities covering multiple types of precipitation,the measurement accuracy can be detected.This paper provides some standards and references for the domestic calibration and detection of raindrop spectrum precipitation automatic observation instrument in the future.