印度太阳能开发利用的现状与挑战

Current Situation and Challenges of Development and Utilization of Solar Energy in India

全球应对气候变化及印度国内能源需求的共同压力,促使印度开始重视新能源的发展,而得天独厚的太阳能资源禀赋及太阳能建设成本的走低,使得太阳能成为印度发展新能源的首选。印度政府为了推动太阳能产业的快速发展,在提出2022年太阳能发电装机容量达到100GW宏伟目标的同时,还设立了专门的太阳能管理部门,出台了一系列配套补贴政策和激励措施,加强输电线路建设,并通过国际合作助力印度太阳能的开发与利用。截至2017年3月,印度太阳能装机容量达到12.2GW,预计未来将超过日本成为世界第三大太阳能光伏市场;屋顶太阳能的年装机量也从2013年的32MW猛增至2016年的227MW,2016年底累计装机容量达到1247MW;小型光伏太阳能系统也在有序推广。同时,太阳能热水器、太阳能炊具、太阳能光热发电等光热利用也取得了显著成效。然而,未来印度太阳能发展目标的落实情况不容乐观,发展规划脱离实际、土地征用成本高昂、行政机构腐败盛行、太阳能辐射量等基础数据缺失、民众缺乏购买力以及本土产业落后等现实问题,仍然是制约印度太阳能产业进一步发展的主要障碍。

Under the joint pressure from global response to climate change and India＇s domestic energy demand,India began to attach importance to the development of new energy.With the advantaged solar energy resources endowments and the decrease in solar energy construction cost,solar energy has become the first choice for India to develop new energy.In order to promote the rapid development of solar energy industry,the Indian government put forward the ambitious goal of reaching a solar energy installed capacity of 100 GW by 2022,set up specialized solar energy management department,put forth a series of supporting subsidy policies and incentive measures,strengthened the construction of electric transmission lines,and promoted the development and utilization of solar energy in India through international cooperation.India ′ s solar energy installed capacity reached 12.2 GW as of March 2017 and is expected to overtake Japan as the world ′ s third largest solar photovoltaic market in the future.The annual installed capacity of rooftop solar energy also soared from 32 MW in 2013 to 227 MW in 2016,and the accumulative installed capacity reached 1247 MW by end of 2016.The promotion of small size photovoltaic solar system is underway in an orderly manner.At the same time,solar water heaters,solar cookers,solar photo-thermal power generation and other photo-thermal utilization have also achieved remarkable results.However,the implementation of India ′ s solar energy development goals in the future is not optimistic.Practical problems such as the unrealistic development planning,the high land expropriation cost,the prevalence of corruption in administrative institutions,the missing basic data including solar radiation,the lack of purchasing power of people and the backward local industries are still the major obstacles to the further development of solar energy industry in India.