国外批判性思维开放题测评的发展及启示

The Development of Open Questions in International Critical Thinking Assessments and Its Implications

批判性思维是21世纪公民必备的核心素养,培养和评价批判性思维已成为学界关注的焦点。近几年,外语界开始重视培养学生的批判性思维,并将其视为学科核心素养,但对于如何评价批判性思维尚未形成共识。开放题强调在真实情境中解决问题,有助于学习者多角度思考问题,具有测评批判性思维的天然优势。文章综述了近些年来国际上以开放题形式测评批判性思维的三种做法:语篇测试、读写测试和写作测试,通过介绍并评论其命题、评分、信度、效度等,希望对我国外语教学中的批判性思维培养和评价研究提供参考和借鉴。

Critical thinking is the core literacy of 21 st century citizens. How to cultivate and evaluate critical thinking has become the focus in education. Critical thinking training has been emphasized recently in foreign language teaching, but there is no consensus on how to evaluate critical thinking. Open questions emphasize solving problems in real-life situation, which is helpful for learners to think about problems in many prospects, and have the natural advantages on critical thinking assessment. This paper reviewed threes ways of assessing critical thinking with open questions, that is, text test, reading and writing test, and introduced and commented their question-designing, scoring, reliability and validity, hoping to provide reference for critical thinking teaching and assessment in foreign language education.