玉米品种籽粒机收质量和指标相关性影响的研究

Effect of grain harvesting on the correlation between grain yield and quality of maize varieties

为明确内蒙古中西部地区春玉米籽粒直接收获对玉米品种籽粒机收质量、产量和指标相关性的影响,选择主栽品种和苗头品种共7个,分别测定籽粒直接收获时各品种的田间植株性状、籽粒含水量、破碎率、杂质率、损失率以及机收籽粒产量和净收籽粒产量。结果表明:郑单958的倒伏倒折率最大,达30%以上,其次是先玉335,其他品种的倒伏倒折率基本为0。籽粒含水量以东单6531最大,KWS9384最小。而破损率以丰垦139最大,郑单958最小;杂质率最大的品种是丰垦139,其次是KWS9384,华美1号和郑单958的杂质率最小。郑单958的落穗粒率最大,其落穗粒率达29.64%,其次是广德5,而KWS9384、华美1号、丰垦139的落穗粒率为0。籽粒总损失率以郑单958最大,KWS9384最小。其中产量与倒伏率、落穗粒率、总落粒率呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05),与其他指标的相关关系不显著。根据籽粒产量和净收益率来看,由于华美1号的品质较差,因此,各品种选择种植的优先序为:丰垦139、KWS9384、广德5、先玉335、东单6531、华美1号、郑单958。

In order to identify the influence that the spring corn kernel harvesting directly for the mechanized harvesting quality,yield and correlation index of maize gains in the Midwest area of Inner Mongolia.In this study,seven major cultivations and shoots were selected,and measured respectively the field plant traits,grain water content,broken rate,impurity rate,loss rate,as well as machinereceived grain yield and net grain yield of varieties in grain direct-harvesting.The results showed that Zhengdan958 arrives at the peak with its lodging rate getting to more than 30%,flowed by that of Xianyu335,and that of other varieties were almost zero.The grain water content is the largest on Dongdan6531 and the smallest on KWS9384.The broken rate of Fengken139 is the largest,when Zhengdan958 is the minimum.When the largest impurity rate is of Fengken139,flowed by KWS9384,Huamei1 and Zhengdan958 are both the smallest.And Zhengdan958 has the largest falling particle rate reaching 29.64%,flowed by Guangde5,but KWS9384,Huamei1 and Fengken139 have no falling.The largest grain loss rate is Zhengdan958,and the smallest is KWS9384.There was a significant negative correlation between the yield and the lodging rate,falling particle rate and total dropping rate because P is less than 0.05,and the correlation with other indexes was significant.According to the grain yield and net profitability,we can find that the poor quality of Huamei1,so the priority of each variety selection plantings respectively：Fengken139,KWS9384,Guangde5,Xianyu335,Dongdan6531,Huamei1,and Zhengdan958.