《史记》《汉书》所载“西夷西”道覆议——兼论汉代南方丝绸之路的求通

Re-examination of“Xiyixi”in Shiji and Hanshu——And On Discourse of the South Silk Road in the Han Dynasty

传世正史文献对汉武帝时期使者出"西夷西"四道的记载,内容大多近同,具体分述上仍然存在一些差异,甚至不少记述互有抵牾,如出"四道"与五地、"出邛、僰"与"出徙、邛"、"出僰"与"出西夷西"、"出莋"与"闭筰"等。这些文献"讹误"的地方并非全都是错漏,反而是不少真实历史信息的反映。在西汉开发西南夷的时代背景下,结合"西夷西"道路与古代民族通道、汉代诸多官方政令、汉夷关系等方面的综合考察,汉武帝元狩年间求通"蜀身毒道"的"出西夷西"的四道是"出駹"、"出冉"、"出徙(邛)"、"出邛、僰"四道。

In the history of Han dynasty, there were four roads of ＂xiyixi＂ in the period of Emperor Wudi, and most of the contents were closely related to each other, but there were still some differences in the specific points, many accounts were even contradictory to each other, such as the ＂four ways＂ and ＂five places＂, ＂Qiong Bo＂ and ＂Si Qiong＂, ＂starting from Bo＂ and ＂starting from xiyixi＂, ＂starting from Zuo＂ and ＂close way in Zuo＂, and etc. These literature ＂errors＂ are actually not all errors but the reflection of actual historical information instead. Un- der the context of developing southwest in the western Han dynasty, combined with comprehen- sive investigation of ＂xiyixi＂ road, ancient nation channels, official decrees, relationship between Han and Yi is, the four roads of ＂xiyixi＂ in the period of Emperor Wudi should be the roads starting form Mang, starting form Rang, starting form Si or Qiong, starting form Qiong and Bo.