全国10个代表性城市空气污染指数与气象条件的关系

Study on air pollution index for ten representative cities in China

选取全国10个代表性城市,研究空气污染指数与地面及边界气象条件的关系.结果表明,空气污染严重,则能见度差;空气质量好,则能见度好,而且冬半年比夏半年更为显著;空气污染指数与气温呈正相关,北方城市夏半年比冬半年显著,南方城市冬半年比夏半年显著;北方城市冬半年空气污染指数与空气中水汽的饱和程度呈正相关;南方城市夏半年与空气饱和程度呈负相关;风对空气污染物有扩散作用,且冬半年比夏半年显著.稳定的大气层结不利于空气污染物的扩散,冬半年比夏半年显著,南方城市比北方城市显著.

The relationships between air pollution indexed （API） and meteorological conditions near the surface layer were studied, by selecting 10 representative cities, with the results that the more serious the air pollution, the worse the visibility, especially in winter half year. API was positively correlated with air temperature and the correlation was more evident at summer half year than at winter half year in northern cities, but more evident at winter half year than at summer half year in southern cities. API was positively correlated with air saturation at winter half year in northern cities, but negatively correlated with air satu- ration at summer half year in southern cities. Wind had the diffusion effect to air pollutants, and this was more evident at winter half year than summer half year. Stable atmospheric stratification was not advantageous to the diffusion of air pollutants, and this was more evident at winter half year than summer half year and more evident in southern cities than in northern cities.