不同施氮水平对4个粳稻品种株型及产量的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels on Plant Types and Yields of 4 Japonica Rice Varieties

本试验以吉林省永吉县万昌镇平均施氮量在140 kg/hm2基础上分别设置了纯氮0 N(0 kg/hm2)、1 N(70 kg/hm2)、2 N(140 kg/hm2)、3 N(210 kg/hm2)四个处理。研究了不同施氮水平对4种粳稻的株型及农艺性状与产量及构成因素的影响。结果表明:4个粳稻品种分蘖期株高随着氮素增加不显著,抽穗期高氮条件下(2 N,3 N)株高有最大值。4个粳稻品种分蘖数随着氮素增加而增加,叶夹角在2 N水平中有最大值,叶面积在高氮水片平(2 N,3 N)中具有一定优势。氮素对4个粳稻品种第一节间长度影响显著大于第二,三节间。4个粳稻品种株型总体表现为随着氮素增加株高增高,且分蘖数增多,叶片弯曲程度在2 N水平最大。吉农大505与吉农大809在2 N中产量最高,吉农大603在3 N中产量最高,吉农大815在4个施氮水平下产量变化不显著。由此可知,吉农大603对氮素增加最敏感,施氮量越高越好;而吉农大809对较敏感但不适宜施高氮,吉农大505相对不敏感但在中氮水平下可获得高产,而吉农大815对氮素最钝感,增加施氮量使氮素吸收利用能力下降。

On the basic of the average nitrogen application rate of 140 kg/hm-2 in Wanchang Town,Yongji County,Jilin Province,four nitrogen conditions were set of 0 N（0 kg/hm-2）,1 N（70 kg/hm-2）,2 N（140 kg/hm-2） and3 N（210 kg/hm-2） to study the effects of different nitrogen levels on plant types,agronomic traits,yields and constituent factors of four japonica rice varieties.The results showed that the plant heights of four japonica rice varieties had no significant increase in tillering period with the increasing of nitrogen levels,but the plant height reached highest value at high nitrogen levels（2 N,3 N） in heading date.There were significant increase in tillers number with the increasing of nitrogen levels of four japonica rice varieties.Leaf angle reached the highest value at 2 N level.Leaf area in high nitrogen levels（2 N,3 N） had certain advantages.The effects of nitrogen levels on the first internode length was significantly greater than those of the second and third internode of four japonica rice varieties.With the increasing of nitrogen levels,the plant heights and tiller numbers of four japonica rice varieties increased,and blade bending degree reached the highest value at 2 N level.Yields of Jinongda 505 and Jinongda 809 were the highest in 2 N level.Yields of Jin ongda 603 reached the highest value at 3 N level.Yields of Jinongda 815 had no significant change with treatments of 4 nitrogen levels.Thus we could see that Jinongda 603 was a high-efficiency nitrogen variety,Jinongda 809 was a high-middle variety of nitrogen,Jinongda 505 had the best nitrogen response at medium nitrogen level,Jinongda 815 belonged to nitrogen insensitive type.The capacity of nitrogen absorption and utilization declined with the increase of nitrogen application rate.