“畅神说”与中国自然审美思想的自觉

“Natural Beauty Free Spirit” and the Consciousness of Chinese Natural Aesthetic Thoughts

中国自然审美的自觉发生于晋代,其在美学思想层面的标志是宗炳"自然美畅神"命题的提出。从玄学的思想背景看,"畅神"的美学内涵是对自然(之形象)的合目的性的一种断定,肯定性的断定表现为"畅神"的情感体验。凭借"畅神"和"澄怀味象"两个命题,"畅神说"揭示了自然的独立的审美价值,在中国美学史上宣告了自然审美思想的自觉。中国自然审美思想自觉的意义在于,不仅从美学思想上推动了中国自然审美的发展,而且促成了中华美学的"自然"范畴的诞生,从美学角度为我们诠释了中国美学最具民族特色的"崇尚自然"的审美理念。

The consciousness of Chinese natural aesthetic occurred in the Jin Dynasty,the mark of which in the aspect of aesthetic thought was Zong Bing＇s proposition ＂Natural beauty free spirit＂. From point of view of the background of metaphysics in Wei-Jin period,the aesthetic connotation of ＂Free spirit＂was a judgment on the purposiveness of nature＇s image,the outcome of which expressed itself in emotion as＂Free spirit＂. Depend on the proposition of ＂Aprpreciating the image of nature disinterestedly＂and＂Free spirit＂,＂Natural beauty free spirit＂had revealed the independent aesthetic value of natural beauty and declared the consciousness of natural aesthetic thought in the history of Chinese aesthetics. The important significance of aesthetic consciousness of natural aesthetics in Chinese history of aesthetics is that,it had not only promoted the development of Chinese natural aesthetics,but also led to the birth of the＂Natural＂category,and illustrats the most distinctive aesthetic idea of Chinese aesthetics ＂Nature Praise＂from the level of aesthetics.