重金属吸附材料的研究进展

Research Progress in Adsorption Materials for Heavy Metals

重金属不能被微生物降解,微量即可产生显著毒性,并易在生物体内特别是人体内富集而产生累积性中毒,是一类对人类危害极大的污染物。重金属废水是对环境污染最严重,对人类危害最大的废水之一。迄今,已研发了多种重金属废水处理方法,主要有化学沉淀法、铁氧体法、离子交换法、膜分离、浮选法、电化学方法和吸附法等。其中,吸附法因其操作简单、效率较高、成本较低等优点,在重金属废水处理中获得日益广泛的应用。吸附法处理重金属废水的关键在于吸附材料的性能。用于重金属废水处理的吸附材料按来源可分为天然吸附材料、合成吸附材料和生物吸附材料。综述了重金属吸附材料的研究进展,分析了存在的问题与不足,提出了发展趋势和方向。

Heavy metal is a type of hazardous pollutants to human beings because it is non - biodegradable, high toxic even at microsacle, and easily accumulate in organisms, especially in human body, ultimately leading to cumulative poisoning. Heavy metal wastewater is one of the most serious pollution to the environment and the most harmful pollution to humans. Many heavy metal wastewater treatment methods have been developed so far, including chemical precipitation, ferrite method, ion exchange, membrane separation, electrochemical method, and adsorption. Among these methods, adsorption is widely applied in the treatment of heavy metals because of its simple operation, high efficiency, and low cost. The key to heavy metal wastewater treatment by adsorption is the performance of the adsorbent. According to the sources, the adsorption materials applied in the heavy metal wastewater treatment can be divided into natural adsorption material, synthetic adsorption material and biosorption material. In this paper, the research advances in adsorption materials for heavy metal are reviewed, the existing problems and deficiencies are analyzed, and the development trend and direction are put forward.