比较历史分析视野下的政党、社会与国家

PARTIES,SOCIETY AND NATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF COMPARATIVE HISTORY ANALYSIS

本文运用比较历史分析的方法,呈现了中西方各自的政党、社会与国家的互动过程,从而揭示出中西方政党政治的形成逻辑:西方多党竞争形态的产生遵循"民族国家→社会分化→议会精英分化与联合→多党竞争"的历史逻辑;而中国党国体制形态的产生遵循"内忧外患→精英分化→社会动员→以党建国→党治国家"的历史逻辑。基于此,本文得出结论:有无外在压力决定着中西政党的初始目标和意识形态,国家与政党的发生次序是中西方政党政治呈现差异性的最重要的原因,而政党对特定社会资源的组合方式决定了该政党在今后国家政党政治中的力量大小。最后,笔者从上述分析中挖掘出两个方面的启示:在认识和评价当代中西方政党政治方面,我们应持辩证唯物主义的立场。在新时代社会主义民主政治建设方面,我们应从原有的工具主义的党国体制逐步过渡到社会主义民主政治,不断完善党内的民主化、推动党间的民主化、实现社会的民主化、建构国家层面的民主化。

In this paper,the author uses the method of comparative history analysis to show the interaction process among party,society and nation between China and the Western countries. It reveals the different formation logics of party politics in China and Western countries. The emergence of competitive party politics in the western follows the historical logic of nation-state →social differentiation→Parliamentary elite differentiation and integration→multi-party competition; and the emergence of China＇s party-state system follows the historical logic of internal and external problems→elites differentiation→social mobilization→state building by party→state governing by party. Based on the above,this paper concludes three points. First,whether external pressure exists will determine the initial goals and ideology of the parties. Second,the order of the state and party occur is the most important reason why the China＇s present party politics is different from western party politics. Third,the way in which political parties combine particular social resources determines the strength of the party in the political party politics in the future. Finally,this article extracts two implications： In understanding and assessing the party politics of China and the West,we should hold the position of dialectical materialism. In building socialist democratic politics in the new era,we should gradually make the transition from the original instrumentalist party-state system to socialist democracy politics. So we should continue to improve democracy inside the party,promote the democratization between the parties,and democratize the society,and realize democratization at the national level.