国有林区改革对劳动力资源配置的影响——基于黑龙江试点的实证分析

Influence on Reform of State-owned Forest Region on Allocation of Labor Resources——An Empirical Analysis Based on Pilot Project in Heilongjiang

由于我国长期处于开发重于保护的发展模式,生态环境遭到严重破坏。国有林区改革是我国生态保护的重要环节,改革过程中,劳动力资源配置问题是国有林区面临的重点问题。基于黑龙江林改试点调研和劳动力配置的三层维度,运用面板模型分析国有林区改革对劳动力资源配置的影响,发现林区确权政策、森林资源管护承包责任制对劳动力留在涉林第一产业呈显著正向影响,"天保"工程促使劳动力外移从事非林工作,补贴政策减弱了劳动力的工作积极性。建议在落实全面禁伐的前提下,政府应适度简政放权,直接补助转保险间接补助,建立林区就业信息化服务体系,注重对结构性就业矛盾开展多渠道非林职业技能培训,创建专家知识库,助力劳动力合理配置。

Due to China＇ s over - exploitation mode at the long period of time, the ecological environment of our country was seriously damaged. The reform of state - owned forest served a significant role in the ecological protection of our country. Along this process, the major problem faced by state - owned forest area was the allocation of labor force. Based on the first - hand data from the case study questionnaire in Heilongjiang forest reform experimental area and the three dimensions allocation of labor force, this paper employed the panel model to analyze the impact of the reform of the state - owned forest area on the allocation of labor force. The results showed that： ①The forest tenure policy and the management responsibility of forest resources management had significant positive impact on the labor force who engaged in primary industry of forest. ②The natural forest protection program brought about the relocation of the labor force to non - forest work. ③The subsidy policy weakened the enthusiasm of labor force. The area of plots,the management period of forest and the circulation of forest had a significant impact on the allocation of labor force in the forest area. Finally, this paper suggested that the government moderately decentralized power and changed direct subsidies into indirect subsidies before the premise of implementing a complete ban on logging, and also suggested that government should establish the information service system of forestry employment and focusing on structural employment contradictions to carry out the multi - channel non - forest vocational skills training and the creation of expert knowledge base for allocating reasonably labor force.