河南省2013年大气氨排放清单建立及分布特征

A 2013-based Atmospheric Ammonia Emission Inventory and Its Characteristic of Spatial Distribution in Henan Province

根据收集到的城市尺度排放源活动水平数据,采用排放因子法,基于"自上而下"和"自下而上"相结合的方式建立了河南省2013年大气氨排放清单,利用GIS技术进行3 km×3 km空间网格分配.结果表明,河南省2013年大气氨排放总量为1 035.3 kt,排放强度为6.4 t·km-2;畜禽养殖和氮肥施用为主要氨排放源,分别占总排放量的52.71%和31.53%;畜禽养殖中肉牛、蛋禽和山羊为主要贡献源,分别占畜禽养殖排放总量的34.98%、16.63%和14.02%;不同城市排放源构成和排放强度不同;南阳市、周口市、商丘市和驻马店市是排放量较大的地级市,分别占全省总量的11.53%、9.84%、9.62%和9.57%;濮阳市和漯河市排放强度最大,分别达到10.7 t·km-2和10.2 t·km-2;空间分布特征显示,中东部地区排放量较高,西部地区相对较低,排放量较大的地区集中在平原地区和人口密集区域.

Based on the best available activity data at a city level from top down and bottom up methods,a 2013-based emission inventory of NH3 was established for the Henan Province using an emission factors method. The 3 km × 3 km spatial gridded distribution was carried out by using GIS technology. The results showed that the total amount of atmospheric NH3 emission in Henan Province in2013 was 1 035. 3 kt,and the average emission intensity reached levels of 6. 4 t/km2. Livestock and nitrogen fertilizer applications were the top two emission sources,accounting for 52. 71% and 31. 53% of the total emissions,respectively. Beef,laying hen,and goats were the main contributors in the livestock category,accounting for 34. 98%,16. 63%,and 14. 02% of the total emissions,respectively. There were different characteristics between emission source contributions and emission intensities in each city. Nanyang,Zhoukou,Shangqiu,and Zhumadian were the prefecture-level cities with large emissions,accounting for 11. 53%,9. 84%,9. 62%,and 9. 57% of the total amount in Henan Province,respectively. The NH3 emission intensities of Puyang and Louhe were larger than those of other cities,reaching up to 10. 7 t·km^-2 and 10. 2 t·km^-2,respectively. The spatial distribution revealed that emissions in the middle eastern region were relatively higher; whereas,the western region emissions were relatively low. The areas with high emissions were concentrated in the plains and densely populated areas.