从问题到解决方案:土壤与可持续发展目标的实现

From “Problems” to “Solutions”: Soil Functions for Realization of Sustainable Development Goals

土壤是人类赖以生存的不可再生资源,土壤生态系统服务功能在保障粮食安全、维护生态环境健康、缓解全球气候变化、维持生物多样性等人类可持续发展目标中发挥着关键的作用。不合理的土壤资源利用和管理将不可避免地对粮食安全和生态环境产生影响,带来一系列问题,如养分利用效率低下、污染加剧、生态环境破坏、生物多样性降低等,而这些问题的解决方案必须重新回到土壤本身。我国现阶段的诸多优先发展领域如粮食安全、精准脱贫、生态文明建设、乡村振兴等既是自身发展的需要,也是对联合国《2030年可持续发展议程》的积极响应,而土壤资源高效利用和可持续管理是重要的应对措施。土壤科学亟须加强更有针对性的基础与应用研究,增进与相关学科的交叉合作,政府、企业及公众需要增强对土壤生态系统服务的认知,尊重并共享土壤科学成果,共同促进土壤利用和管理政策的协调,制定更严格的土壤保护政策,服务可持续发展目标的实现。

Soil is non-renewable resource supporting the life of human beings. Soil ecosystem services are of great importance in sustaining food security, ecological and environmental health, biodiversity, and climate change mitigation. Inappropriate use and management of soil resources inevitably lead to adverse impacts on food security and environments such as low use efficiency of nutrients, severe pollution, eco-environmental degradation, and loss of biodiversity. The solutions to address the problems most probably have to involve sustainable management of soils. The priorities of development at present in China including food security, targeted measures for poverty alleviation, the construction of ecological civilization and rural revitalization are the needs by self-development and also positive responses to the United Nation＇s ＂2030 Global Sustainable Development Agenda＂. The key to the success for realization of the development goals greatly relies on the efficient use and sustainable management of soil resources. It is urgent for soil science to strength the pertinent basic and applied studies and multidisciplinary cooperation. Governments, enterprises, and the public need to enhance the awareness of soil ecosystem services. It is also important to respect and share data, knowledge, and achievements of soil science to avoid repeated investment. We must work together to promote the coordination and implementation of sustainable soil use and management policies, formulate stricter soil protection laws, for the overall sustainability of the shared future of mankind