生态学研究支撑喀斯特区域生态环境治理与科技扶贫

Ecological Research Supports Eco-environmental Management and Poverty Alleviation in Karst Region of Southwest China

中科院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站面向我国西南喀斯特区域石漠化综合治理与生态服务提升和民生改善的重大需求,系统开展了喀斯特生态系统野外观测、试验与示范研究,发现了喀斯特坡地地表-地下二元水土流失特征,地表侵蚀产沙一般低于50 t/(km2·a),但人为干扰加剧地表侵蚀;揭示了人类活动对喀斯特退化生态系统的影响及其作用机理,阐明了喀斯特景观格局与关键生态过程的相互作用机理,研发了喀斯特退化生态系统适应性修复技术体系,开展了生态工程背景下喀斯特区域生态系统服务变化评估,提出了喀斯特景观保护的优化管控措施,构建了喀斯特生态脆弱区科技扶贫模式,形成了喀斯特生态系统服务优化调控的理论与技术体系,为我国西南地区石漠化治理与区域脱贫提供了重要科技支撑。

Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems （HORSKE） of Chinese Academy of Sciences was founded in 2001. Since then HORSKE has been committing itself to serve the national needs for rocky desertification restoration, ecosystem services promotion, and human wellbeing improvement. HORSKE has carried on comprehensive and long-term monitoring, experiment, and demonstration to the degraded karst ecosystem. HORSKE found the dual loss characteristics for both soil and water, revealed that surface soil erosion modulus on karst hillslopes is less than 50 t/（km2.a） and human disturbances could intensify the surface soil erosion speed. Furthermore HORSKE clarified the effects of human activities on the degraded karst ecosystem and its mechanisms and expounded the interaction mechanisms of landscape pattern and key ecological processes in karst areas. HORSKE also developed adaptive restoration technology for degraded karst ecosystem. At the regional scale, HORSKE evaluated the ecosystem services changes under the implementation of ecological conservation projects. In addition, HORSKE proposed effective measures for karst landscape protection. For regional poverty alleviation, HORSKE developed and proposed scientific and technological modes for poverty alleviation in the karst eco-fragile areas. During the past 20 years, HORSKE has established theories and technologies for karst ecosystem services optimization and management. Long-term ecological research and demonstration in HORSKE has made important progresses on karst eco-environmental management and poverty alleviation HORSKE supports scientific foundations for combating rocky desertifieation and regional poverty alleviation in the karst region of Southwest China.