称谓语的“历史对比/自由联想法”研究:以“小姐”为例

A Historical Contrast/Free Association Study of Address Terms:A Case Study of “Xiao Jie”

称谓语的语义语用变化意味着汉语词汇系统的发展,也标记了社会的发展,对比称谓语的变化可以有效地揭示称谓语的标示作用。但历来称谓语的历史对比分析都建立在对书面语料处理的基础上,而"历史对比/自由联想法",通过对比不同年代自由联想实验所得的数据,可从另一视角进行有效分析。当年"小姐"称谓语发展的矛盾性引得争议无数,我们根据2005年与2015年的自由联想测试,分析该称谓语的变化,回应了学者们的预判。

The semantic and pragmatic changes of address terms mark the development of Chinese vocabulary system as well as the development of the society,and a comparison of the changes of address terms is conducive to studies of such developments.Since previous historical contrast analyses were based on written materials,the paper attempts to adopt the historical contrast/free association method to further discuss the issue from a different perspective using the data obtained from free association experiments. The contradiction in the development of the address term ＂Xiao Jie＂aroused heated debates in the 90 s and early 21 stcentury,and we reanalyze the changes of the address term based on the two free association experiments in 2005 and 2015,giving responses to the previous predictions and prejudgments.