1949—1953年农村生产的发展路向:以山东聊城县为例

Development Path of Rural Production from 1949 to 1953 : Taking Liaocheng County as an example

关于新中国成立后农村生产发展思路及路径的问题,历来有两派观点。一种认为应坚持新民主主义社会论;另一种强调国家可通过互助合作直接走向社会主义发展道路。因地方实践的差异性与复杂性,两种理论概括很难准确表达全国的总体发展方向。笔者基于对1949—1953年山东省聊城县的史料爬梳,发现两种发展倾向并非"非此即彼",而是互相补充的关系。以1951年抗美援朝运动与上级认定的贫富分化趋势为转折点,农村发展有明显的阶段性特征。这种转变看似偶然,实则背后有其必然性的因素。这也将重新启发我们对新民主主义实践情况的思考。

There were always two points of view on the development thought and path of rural production since the founding of China.One thought adhered to the theory of new-democratic society;the other thought stressed that state could directly go to the socialism development road by mutual aid and cooperation.Because of the diversity and complexity of local practice,two kinds of theoretical generalization were difficult to accurately express the national overall development direction.Based on historical data from 1949 to1953 in Liaocheng County,Shandong Province,the author found that two kinds of development tendency were not either-or,but complemented each other.