液体活检在乳腺癌精准诊断和治疗中的研究进展

Advances in Liquid Biopsy and it Clinical Application in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer

目的乳腺癌的发生发展是一个缓慢而有迹可循的过程,虽然组织活检是乳腺癌诊断和治疗的金标准,但一次检测并不足以评估患者的疾病动态和耐药机制,且对患者进行多器官多次活检显然不可行。新肿瘤液态活检技术的问世,意味着采用相对简单的血液检测,不仅可以找到突变基因具有预后价值,还能根据患者当时的肿瘤演化状况准确找到适合的药物,是精准个性化治疗的又一个进步。液体活检包括循环肿瘤细胞(Circulation tumor cells,CTC)、循环肿瘤DNA(Circulation tumor DNA,ctDNA)、外泌体(Exosomes)和肿瘤血小板(Tumor-educated platelets,TEPs),这些液体活检在乳腺癌领域应用广泛,在诊断和治疗方面都具有良好的应用前景。

The carcinogenesis and development of breast cancer is a slow and tracked process,and tissue biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. However,only a test is not sufficient to assess the patient＇ s disease dynamic and resistance mechanism,and it is clearly not feasible for patients with multiple organ or multiple biopsy.The new liquid biopsy technique was meant to relatively simple with blood,not only seek for mutations with prognostic value,but also accurate personalized treatment with a suitable drug according to the patient＇s tumor evolution status. Liquid biopsy,including Circulation tumor cells（ CTC）,Circulation tumor circulating tumor DNA（ ct DNA）,exosomes and Tumoreducated platelets,（ TEPs）,is widely used in the field of breast cancer,it has a favorable application prospect in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.