永康市“全面二孩”政策下育龄妇女二孩生育意愿及相关因素分析

Procreating intention and its influencing factors in fertile women under the universal two-child policy in Yongkang

【目的】了解永康市在"全面二孩"政策背景下育龄妇女近三年内的二孩生育意愿及其影响因素,为政府决策提供科学依据。【方法】使用自行设计问卷,对永康市16个乡镇符合"全面二孩"政策的育龄妇女近三年的生育意愿进行调查。【结果】共调查4 000例育龄妇女,收回有效问卷3 795份,有效回收率94.88%。"打算生"占47.67%,"不打算生"占28.38%,"尚未考虑决定"者占23.95%;生育意愿与户籍性质、年龄、学历、家庭收入等因素者相关:农业户籍较非农者二孩生育意愿高(χ2=40.63,P<0.01);35岁以上二孩生育意愿明显降低,各年龄段<25岁,25~35岁,36~40岁,41~45岁二孩生育意愿构成比分别是:40.91%,59.78%,42.07%,18.57%(χ2=505.32,P<0.01);学历越高二孩生育意愿越高(χ2=64.47,P<0.01);家庭收入越高二孩生育意愿也越高(χ2=21.46,P<0.01)。且各类人群有明显二孩生育女孩偏好,差异有统计学意义(χ2=44.85,122.23,35.65,36.02,P均<0.01)。同时二孩生育意愿还受其他因素的影响:其中以"孩子有了玩伴不孤独"为首位原因,占49.76%;不愿意生育的原因中以"再抚养一个孩子精力时间不足"为主,占28.29%。【结论】实行"全面二孩"政策后,近三年全市分娩数及高龄孕产妇数均将增加,医疗保健部门必须采取有效的应对措施。

[Objective] To investigate the willingness of having a second child within three years and its influencing factors in fertile women under the universal two-child policy in Yongkang,which might provide a scientific basis for government decision-making. [Methods] Fertile women in compliance with the universal two-child policy from 16 towns（ street） in Yongkang were included and investigated by selfdesigned questionnaire. [Results]A total of 4 000 fertile women were investigated and received 3 795 valid questionnaires,with an effective recovery rate of 94. 88%. Those intending to procreate accounted for47. 67%,and those without the intention 28. 38%,and those still under consideration 23. 95%. The fertility intention was apparently related to the nature of household register,age,educational background and family income. Couples of agricultural household register were more willing to have the second child than couples of non-agricultural household register（ χ^2= 40. 63,P〈0. 01. The fertility intention of the women above 35 years old was obviously lowered. Among each age group 25 years old,25-35 years old,36-40 years old,41-45 years old,the proportion of fertility intention was 40. 91%,59. 78%,42. 07%,18. 57%（ χ^2= 505. 32,P〈0. 01）. The better educated a woman was,the more willing the women was to have a second child（ χ^2= 64. 47,P〈0. 01）. The families with higher income were more willing to give birth to a second child（ χ^2= 21. 46,P〈0. 01）. Among various groups,there was the same preference for having a daughter in the second birth. The difference was statistically significant by χ^2 test（ χ^2= 44. 85,122. 23,35. 65,36. 02,P〈0. 01）. Meanwhile,the willingness to have a second child proved to be also affected by other factors. Among the reasons for having a second child,the most important one was that the first kid would not be lonely anymore with brother or sister as playmate. Among the reasons for not willing to have a second child,the major reason was that the couples believed they had not sufficient energy and time to have a second child. [Conclusion] After the implementation of the universal two-child policy,the number of births and elder pregnant women in the next three years will increase. Therefore,the medical and health departments must take effective measures to cope with the situation.