论海洋法上的保持占有原则与历史性权利

The Principle of Uti Possidetis and Historic Rights of the Law of the Sea

保持占有原则与历史性权利同属于习惯国际法的范畴,两者在历史性水域中产生重合。本文从保持占有原则与历史性权利在海洋法上的适用、互相影响及其法理基础和具体形式出发,分析和论证了海洋法上的保持占有原则与历史性权利的关系。一国适用保持占有原则可以继承先前的历史性权利,新的历史性权利则不得通过保持占有原则进行主张;在海洋法上,主张国"独立前是否为殖民地"和"主张海域是否具有主权性质"是划分保持占有原则与历史性权利界限的重要标准,而保持占有原则是将历史性权利具化为海洋权利的工具。

The principle of Uti Possidetis and historic rights are subject to customary international law,which coincide in historic waters. The paper,in the perspective of application,interaction,legal logics and practices of the principle of Uti Possidetis and historic rights,analyses and demonstrates the relationship between them. By invoking the principle of Uti Possidetis,the pre-decolonization historic rights can be inherited,but not the post-decolonization historic rights. The important standards which divide these two concepts are whether the claimant nation is under colonization before the independent date,and whether the nature of the claimed maritime zones is territorial. The principle of Uti Possidetis makes one of the instruments to transform historic rights into maritime entitlements.