肛肠手术后发生并发症的原因及防治措施分析

Analysis of causes and prevention of postoperative complications of anorectal surgery

目的分析肛肠术后患者各种并发症发生的主要原因,并根据发生原因探究针对性的预防措施。方法随机抽取医院自2014年4月至2017年4月行肛肠术术后发生并发症的患者共85例,搜集全部研究对象的相关资料展开回顾性分析,探讨患者各种并发症的发生情况与主要原因,并根据发生原因探究针对性的预防措施。结果在全部患者中,并发症为肛门狭窄的比例是3.53%(3例),水肿的比例是14.12%(12例),感染的比例是28.55%(27例),尿潴留的比例是16.47%(14例),再出血的比例是17.65%(15例),肛门剧烈疼痛的比例是12.94%(11例),切口愈合不良的比例是3.53%(3例)。在对症处理后并发症逐渐缓解或消失。结论接受肛肠术治疗的患者其术后的大部分并发症通过针对性的处理都能够治愈,并发症的形成原因多样,主要同手术操作的不规范与手术对机体组织的损伤有关,因此应该严格规范手术流程,在围手术期对并发症给予针对性的护理措施,以降低并发症的发生率,改善患者的预后。

Objective To analyze the main causes of complications in patients after anorectal operation, and explore the preventive measures according to the causes. Methods A total of 85 cases of patients with complications after anorectal surgery in the hospital from April 2014 to April 2017 were randomly selected as the study objects, and the relevant data of all the subjects were collected and retrospectively analysed. The various complications and its main causes were analyzed,and targeted preventive measures was analyzed according to the causes. Results Of complicationts in all patients, the proportion of anal stenosis was 3.53%（3 cases）, the proportion of edema was 14.12%（12 cases）, the proportion of infection was 28.55%（27 cases）, the proportion of urinary retention was 16.47%（14 cases）, the proportion of the rebleeding was17.65%（15 cases）, the proportion of anal pain was 12.94%（11 cases）, and the proportion of poor wound healing was3.53%（3 cases）. After symptomatic treatment, the complications were relieved or disappeared gradually. Conclusion Most patients with the complications after anorectal surgery could cure with targeted intervention and treatment. The incidence causes of the complications are diversity, and they are mainly associated with the no-standardizing operation process, and the body tissue damage in the operation. So the operation process should be strictly regulated in clinic, and the specific caring measures should be given according to the complications in the perioperative period, so as to reduce the incidence of complications, and improve the clinical effect of patients.