筏式养殖海带收获装置的发展现状

Development status of the raft-cultivation harvesting devices for kelp

中国是世界上最大的海带养殖国。目前,养殖海带的采收主要依靠人工完成,劳动强度大,效率低,成为制约海带产业发展的瓶颈因素之一。随着劳动力成本攀升,从事艰苦作业劳动力短缺,迫切需要发展海带机械化收获技术。本文主要针对筏式养殖海带的机械化收获装置的研发现状进行综述与分析。在介绍筏式养殖海带模式特点及手工收获海带过程的基础上,对各种海带收获装置的特点进行了介绍,归纳了海带收获装置的行进、苗绳捕获及分离、传输和加工等核心模块及其功能特征,分析了海带养殖形式对海带收获装置的结构和设计的影响,提出需要综合考虑海带形态特点、生长环境和养殖模式的特殊性来研发适合中国国情的海带收获装置,探讨了海带收获装置开发中需要注意的问题。

China is the largest country for kelp cultivation.Nowadays,harvesting of kelp mainly relies on manual working,which,for its high harbor density and low efficiency,has became one of the key bottlenecks in the development of kelp industry.There is an imperative to develop kelp harvesting technology as the increasing of labor costs and a shortage of labor for the hard fieldwork.In this paper,the research and development status of the mechanized harvesting devices for raft-cultivation of kelp was reviewed and analyzed. Based on the introduction of the mode of raft-cultivation and manual harvesting of kelp,the different characteristics of kelp harvesting devices were investigated; the functions and properties of those key modules such as locomotion,kelp rope catching and separating,transmission and processing and so on were summarized; the significant impact of the model of kelp cultivation on the structure and design of the kelp harvesting devices were analyzed; the comprehensive consideration of kelp ＇s special characteristics,growing environment,the particularity of cultivation mode for the research and development of kelp harvesting devices which are suitable for China＇s national conditions was proposed; and several issues that should be paid attention to in the development of kelp harvesting devices were discussed.