氮杂氟硼荧(Aza-BODIPY)类荧光探针的研究进展

New progress in Aza-BODIPY-based fluorescence probes

氮杂氟硼荧(Aza-BODIPY)作为BODIPYs改良型荧光团,具有摩尔吸光系数高、荧光光谱半峰宽窄、荧光寿命长、光稳定性好、荧光可调等优点,是优良的近红外比色及荧光探针候选母体,然而Aza-BODIPY也存在水溶性能差、应用领域待扩展等问题。本文主要综述了近年来各类以Aza-BODIPY为荧光团的探针种类及其应用:首先,简要概括了3种通用的Aza-BODIPY合成方法,包括从查尔酮出发合成Aza-BODIPY的O'Shea法、从2,4-二取代吡咯出发的Carreira法和Lukyanets的邻苯二腈与苯基溴化镁反应的稠环合成法;然后重点对p H、H_2O_2、NH_4^+、F~–、Hg^(2+)、CN~–、蛤毒素和Cys等探针的客体识别性能、识别机理和实际应用进行了总结。提出目前以Aza-BODIPY为母体设计合成的探针数量仍较少,将来的发展方向是通过结构修饰或改造来提高探针的水溶性能、拓宽其激发发射波长到近红外区、增加识别客体的种类和范围,在生物、环境等领域将具有重要的发展前景。

Aza-BODIPY,developed from BODIPYs,have advantages of large molar absorption coefficients,narrow half peak widths,long fluorescence life,good optical stability and tunable fluorescence;hence they have been selected as excellent candidates for near infrared colorimetric and fluorescent probes.However,most of them are poor water solubility and the field of their application is limited.In this paper,the recent researches on Aza-BODIPY-based fluorescent probes were reviewed.Three methods of synthesis of Aza-BODIPYs are summarized briefly including the O＇Shea method starting from chalcone,the Carreira method using 2,4-substituted pyrroles as starting materials and the Lukyanets method for fused-ring-Aza-BODIPYs.The sensing performances,mechanisms and practical applications of various probes for p H,H_2O_2,NH_4~＋,F~–,Hg^（2＋）,CN~–,damtoxin and Cys are discussed.Although there are limited reports about Aza-BODIPY-based probes,they are expected to be developed in the biological and environment areas with the improvement of water solubility,the longer excitation and emission wavelengths in the near-infrared region and the increase of the type and range of identifying species by structural modifications.