三峡库区重庆段巫山县潜在鼠疫疫源地调查分析

Investigation of potential plague foci in Wushan District of the Three Gorges Reservoir Areas

目的了解三峡库区重庆段巫山县鼠疫主要宿主动物和媒介蚤类的种类构成、数量分布以及宿主动物感染鼠疫杆菌的情况,判断当地是否存在鼠疫疫源地。方法采用笼捕法对捕获鼠类及检获蚤类进行鉴定;计算鼠染蚤率和蚤指数;用间接血凝试验(indirect hemagglutination assay,IHA)检测鼠疫F1抗体。结果 (1)宿主动物调查:共捕获鼠形动物50只,密度为1.01%(50/4 963),黄胸鼠为优势种。(2)鼠体蚤调查:带蚤鼠19只,共梳理出鼠蚤61匹,均为缓慢细蚤,染蚤率38.00%(19/50),总蚤指数1.22(61/50)。(3)地面游离蚤指数:布放2 500张粘蚤纸,回收2 456张,回收率98.24%(2 456/2 500),捕获地面蚤5匹。(4)鼠疫血清学检查:对捕获的活体鼠形动物全部进行鼠疫血清抗体检测,结果均为阴性。结论巫山县虽然未曾发生鼠疫,也不是鼠疫疫源地,但从地理景观、宿主动物、媒介昆虫等方面分析,均存在鼠疫疫源地的条件,有发生鼠疫疫情的可能性。

Objective To understand the composition,quantity distribution of the primary host animals and vectors of plague,to identify the distributive region,to understand the Infection situation of Yersinia pestis in host animals,to judge whether there is a plague epidemic area. Methods Rodents were identified after captured by cage trapping method. Fleas were collected by sticky paper,which needed to be identifed and counted. Antibody of plague F1 was detected by indirect hemagglutination assay（IHA）. Results（1）Host animals research： 50 rodents in Wushan,and density was1. 01%（50/4 963）.（2）Fleas index： 61 fleas were caught in Wushan,the rate of rodents with fleas was 38. 00%（19/50）,the total flea index was 1. 22（61/50）.（3）The free fleas index： 2 456 pieces of sticky fleas were recovered,the recovery rate was 98. 24%（2 456/2 500）,and 5 fleas were captured in Wushan.（4） The plague serological examination： no F1 antibody of plague was detected. Conclusion Though no plague happened,nor the focus existed in Wushan,but based on the investigation of geographical landscape,host animals,vector insects and epidemiological,there is the possibility of the plague epidemic in this area.