中国石油企业低碳竞争力评价及对策研究

The low-carbon competitiveness evaluation system of petroleum enterprises in China and the development countermeasures

由于石油产业具有高耗能、高污染的特性,在石油企业实施低碳战略,有利于推动我国低碳经济的发展。本文以低碳生产、低碳经济、低碳技术、低碳管理、低碳文化和资源基础为准则层,构建了适用于我国石油企业的低碳竞争力评价体系,并利用层次分析法对20个指标赋予权重,研究发现万元产值的二氧化碳排放量、营业利润率、净资产收益率、清洁能源占比和专利技术产出对低碳竞争力的影响最大。通过对中石油、中石化和中海油三家国有石油公司进行实证分析,对比结果表明中海油在低碳生产和低碳经济指标上优势突出,整体低碳竞争力最高。最后,针对我国石油企业在发展中如何提升低碳竞争力提出相关建议。

Due to the high energy consumption and high pollution characteristics of the petroleum industry,the implementation of low-carbon strategy in petroleum enterprises is conducive to the development of low carbon economy in China.This paper builds a low-carbon competitiveness evaluation system which is suitable for China petroleum enterprises from six criterion layers（low-carbon production,low-carbon economy,low carbon technology,low carbon management,low carbon culture and resource base）and gives the weights of 20 indicators by the AHP method.The results show that carbon intensity,operating profit margin,return on equity,the proportion of technology patents and clean energy account for the largest in this evaluation system.According to the collected data of CNPC,SINOPEC and CNOOC,we make empirical analysis of these three companies and the comparison result demonstrates that the low-carbon competitiveness of CNOOC is the highest because of the obvious advantage of low-carbon production and low-carbon economy over CNPC and SINOPEC.Finally,the study puts forward some suggestions on how to improve low carbon competitiveness in the development of the petroleum enterprises in China.