体育锻炼对老年人心理健康的影响

The evaluation system about the sports' influence upon the mental health of elderly

目的探讨体育锻炼对老年人心理健康的影响及现存的问题。方法确定检索词及检索策略,在维普(VIP)、中国知网(CNKI)数据库查找2007年至今发表的所有有关体育锻炼对老年人心理健康影响的文献。由两名研究者按照纳入与排除标准筛选文献。采用定性方法系统总结纳入文献研究结果。结果最终纳入31篇文献,地区分布包括北京、天津、上海、山东、河南、河北、江苏、安徽、浙江、广东、云南、吉林、四川、陕西;研究人群包括社区、乡镇、养老院、空巢、离退休、退休女性老年人;纳入中20篇为横断面研究;老年人是否参加体育锻炼,参加体育锻炼老年人的性别和年龄,体育锻炼项目,动机,形式和强度分别对心理健康有影响。未见青海西藏等西部地区关于体育锻炼对老年人心理健康影响的研究;体育锻炼对心理健康影响的研究对空巢、乡镇、养老院等老年人群研究较少;体育锻炼对老年人心理健康影响的试验性研究较少;对参加体育锻炼的70岁以上老年人心理健康状况关注度不够;老年人具备更积极的体育锻炼动机,参加集体形式、较高强度、丰富多彩的体育锻炼,能更好地改善老年人心理健康水平。结论应全面深入关注体育锻炼对老年人心理健康的影响。

Objective To systematically analyze and summarize the the sports＇ influence upon the mental health of elderly.Methods All papers about the sports＇ influence upon the mental health of elderly in VIP,CNKI database published since 2007 were searched.Results13 literatures were included,regional distribution including Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Shandong,Henan,Hebei,Jiangsu,An＇ hui,Zhejiang,Guangdong,Yunnan,Jilin,Sichuan,Shanxi,population studies including communities,towns,nursing homes,empty-nesters,retired elderly and retired female seniors.20 papers of all were the cross-sectional study;the mental health of elderly varied with whether to exercise,sex,age,projects,motivation,theforms of exercise and exercise intensity. Studies about the sports＇ influence upon the mental health of elderly had not yet been carried out in west-Chinasuch as Qinghai and Xizang;Empty-nestersand seniors which were in towns and nursinghomes werepaid less attention to.Experimental researches about the sports＇ influence upon the mental health of elderly was less.The mental health of the exercising people of 70 or above were paid less attention to. The elderly who positively did intensive and multifarious exercise with others had high level of mental health.Conclusions The sports＇ influence upon the mental health of elderly should be paid more attention.