新疆柯尔克孜族中小学生2014与2005年身体素质比较

Comparison of physical fitness of Kirgiz students in 2005 and 2014 in Xinjiang

目的了解新疆柯尔克孜族中小学生2005—2014年间身体素质的变化规律,为制定少数民族学校卫生政策提供依据。方法利用2005和2014年全国学生体质调研新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州柯尔克孜族学生数据,对5 696名7~18岁中小学生的身体素质指标进行分析。结果与2005年相比,2014年柯尔克孜族男生速度、耐力跑、爆发力指标分别提高0.15 s,4.13 s,11.40 cm,斜身引体/引体向上成绩下降为6.36个;柯尔克孜族女生爆发力和力量素质分别提高7.02cm和2.87次/min,速度和耐力素质分别下降0.06 s和5.81 s。2005年和2014年比较,各项身体素质指标多数年龄段差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论柯尔克孜族学生身体素质状况不容乐观,女生更为突出。应进一步提高柯尔克孜族学生身体素质,缩小与全国平均水平的差距。

Objective To investigate changes in physical fitness among Kirgiz primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang during 2005 to 2014. Methods Data came from Chinese National Survey on Students＇ Constitution and Health,Xinjiang area in 2005 and 2014. Physical fitness of 5 696 primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 years was analyzed and compared. Results Compared with 2005,speed,endurance and explosive power of Kirgiz boys in 2014 increased by 0.15 s,4.13 s and 11.40 cm,respectively,while the performance on pull-ups decreased to 6.36. The explosive power and strength of Kirgiz girls increased by 7.02 cm and 2.87 times/min,while speed and endurance decreased to 0.06 s and 5.81 s,respectively. All the differences were of statistical significance（ P〈0.05）. Conclusion Specific targeted initiatives may be required to increase physical fitness among Kirgiz students and to narrow the gap across them with national average level.